Module 7: Practice Quizzes Flashcards
Which clinical diagnosis is consistent with symptoms of painful menstruation in the absence of pelvic disease?
Primary dysmenorrhea
Dysmenorrhea is painful menstruation; primary dysmenorrhea is due to the release of prostaglandins in ovulatory cycles.
Which clinical diagnosis is associated with hirsutism, amenorrhea, and infertility?
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Clinical manifestations of PCOS usually appear within 2 years of puberty and include dysfunctional bleeding or amenorrhea, hirsutism, acne, and infertility.
Which is the correct term for a prolapse of a portion of the bladder into the vaginal canal?
Cystocele
Cystocele is descent of a portion of the posterior bladder wall and trigone into the vaginal canal and is usually caused by the trauma of childbirth.
Which condition must be ruled out when identifying the cause of secondary amenorrhea?
Unknown pregnancy
The most common cause of amenorrhea is pregnancy and should be ruled out as the cause of amenorrhea before any other evaluation or treatment is considered.
Which is the most important difference between proliferative and nonproliferative breast tissue changes?
Nonproliferative breast lesions do not increase the risk of breast cancer.
Nonproliferative breast lesions do not increase the risk of breast cancer.
Which of the following is almost exclusively the cause of cervical cancer?
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
Cervical cancer is now established as almost exclusively caused by the cervical HPV infection.
A person has been diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea and wants to know why ibuprofen is a good choice for pain control. What response by the health care professional is best?
It reduces the production of prostaglandins in your body.
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications like ibuprofen reduce the activity of the COX enzyme, which in turn inhibits prostaglandin production.
Which condition is considered a clinical cause of amenorrhea?
Failure to ovulate
Depressed ovarian hormone levels, which are associated with a variety of clinical disorders, also cause amenorrhea by preventing ovulation.
Which female is at greatest risk for developing a benign ovarian cyst?
A 48-year-old diagnosed as premenopausal
Benign cysts of the ovary may occur at any time during the life span, but an increase in benign ovarian cysts occurs when hormonal imbalances are more common, around puberty and menopause.
A student is learning about pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). What information does the student clarify with a study partner as being correct?
Such an inflammation results in permanent changes to the ciliated epithelium of the fallopian tubes.
PID infection results in permanent changes to the ciliated epithelium of the fallopian or uterine tubes.
Which term is used to identify the bulging of the rectum and posterior vaginal wall into the vaginal canal?
Rectocele
A rectocele is the bulging of the rectum and posterior vaginal wall into the vaginal canal.
What is the most common cause of a urethral stricture in a man?
Indwelling catheter use
A urethral stricture is a fibrotic narrowing of the urethra caused by scarring, often from long-term use of indwelling urinary catheters.
What is the medical term for abnormal dilation of the veins in the spermatic cord?
Varicocele
Varicocele is classically described as a ‘bag of worms.’
Which statement is true regarding benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
BPH may be problematic if urethral compression occurs.
BPH is common and can compress the urethra, affecting many men over 60.
Which statements are true regarding torsion of a testis?
Relief is not obtained with the elevation of the scrotum; Thickened spermatic cord is evident; High-riding testis may be noted.
Torsion of a testis is a surgical emergency and most common among neonates and pubertal adolescents.
What conditions are associated with orchitis?
Mumps; Systemic infection; Epididymitis
Orchitis can occur in prepubertal boys and is associated with mumps and systemic infections.
What is the most common infectious cause of orchitis in postpubertal boys?
Mumps
Mumps is the most common infectious cause of orchitis in this age group.
What are the clinical manifestations of testicular cancer?
Firm, nontender testicular mass
A firm, painless testicular enlargement is often the first sign of testicular cancer.
How does the epididymis become infected?
The pathogenic microorganisms ascend the vasa deferentia from an already infected urethra or bladder.
This is the common route for infection to reach the epididymis.
What pathophysiologic condition causes most symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
Compression of the urethra
BPH leads to compression of the urethra, causing various symptoms.
Which age group should be targeted for testicular cancer education and screening?
15 to 35 year olds
Testicular cancer is most common in young men aged 15 to 35.
What information about urethritis does the student learn?
A clear mucus-like discharge may be present; A purulent drainage may be present; Treatment includes appropriate antibiotic therapy; Symptoms include urethral tingling and itching or burning on urination.
Symptoms may include dysuria and discharge, and treatment involves antibiotics.
What information should be included in a presentation about prostate cancer?
A familial history of prostate cancer is a risk factor; Being over 65 years of age increases the risk for developing prostate cancer; Dietary habits seem to play a role in its development.
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-skin cancer in American men.
