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TCU A+P > Practical #2 > Flashcards

Practical #2 Flashcards

1
Q

name the action(s) of the epicranius- frontalis

A

elevates eyebrows; draws scalp forward and wrinkles skin of the forehead

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2
Q

name the action(s) of the epicraniui-occipitalis

A

retracts scalp; fixes alea aponeurotic so the frontal can act on the eyebrows

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3
Q

name the action(s) of the orbiculares oculi

A

closes eye in blinking, squinting, and sleep

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4
Q

name the action(s) of the orbiculares oris

A

encircles mouth, closes lips and protrudes lips in kissing

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5
Q

name the action(s) of the levator palpebral superioris

A

elevates upper eyelid; opens eye

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6
Q

name the action(s) of the nasalis

A

opens nostrils

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7
Q

name the action(s) of the elevator anguli oris

A

elevates angle of mouth; smiling muscle

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8
Q

name the action(s) of the depressor anguli oris

A

draws angle of mouth laterally and downward in opening of mouth and frowning

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9
Q

name the action(s) of the zygomaticus major/minor

A

draws angle of mouth upa nd laterally as in smiling, sneering, or laughing

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10
Q

name the action(s) of the platysma

A

tenses skin of cheek and neck; draws lower lip and angle of mouth downward in expressions of horror or surprise

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11
Q

name the action(s) of the buccinator

A

compresses cheek against teeth and gums; expels liquid and air

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12
Q

name the action(s) of the temporalis

A

elevation, retraction and lateral and medial excursion of the mandible

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13
Q

name the action(s) of the masseter

A

elevation, retraction and lateral and medial excursion of the mandible

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14
Q

name the action(s) of the sternocleidomastoid

A

unilateral action causes ipsilateral flexion, contralateral rotation; bilateral actions flexes the head forward as when looking down; aid in deep inhalation when the neck is fixed

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15
Q

name the action(s) of the scalene group

A

unilateral action causes ipsilateral flexion, contralateral rotation; bilateral action flexes the neck forward; aids in deep inhalation when the neck is fixed

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16
Q

name the action(s) of the splenius capitis

A

unilateral action causes ipsilateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation; bilateral action extends the head

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17
Q

name the action(s) of the trapezius

A

extension and lateral flexion of the neck; elevation, retraction, lateral rotation, elevation and depression of the scapula

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18
Q

name the action(s) of the rhomboid major

A

retraction, elevation and medial rotation of the scapula

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19
Q

name the action(s) of the rhomboid minor

A

retraction, elevation and medial rotation of the scapula

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20
Q

name the action(s) of the pectorals minor

A

protraction of the scapula

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21
Q

name the action(s) of the serrates anterior

A

lateral rotation, depression and protraction of the scapula

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22
Q

name the action(s) of the erector spine group

A

extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column

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23
Q

name the action(s) of the pectoralis major

A

flexion, adduction and medial rotation of humerus at the shoulder

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24
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

extension, adduction and medial rotation of the humerus at the shoulder

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25
Q

name the action(s) of the deltoid

A

abduction, flexion, extension, medial rotation and lateral rotation of the humerus at the shoulder

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26
Q

name the action(s) of the supraspinatus

A

abduction of the humerus at the shoulder

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27
Q

name the action(s) of the infraspinatus

A

lateral rotation of the humerus at the shoulder

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28
Q

name the action(s) of the terse minor

A

lateral rotation at the shoulder

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29
Q

name the action(s) of the subscapularis

A

medial rotation of the humerus at the shoulder

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30
Q

name the action(s) of the coracobrachialis

A

flexion adduction and medial rotation of the humerus at the shoulder

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31
Q

name the action(s) of the terse major

A

extension, adduction, and medial rotation of the humerus at the shoulder

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32
Q

name the action(s) of the biceps brachialis

A

flexion of the elbow

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33
Q

name the action(s) of the biceps brachii

A

supination of forearm, flexion of the elbow, flexion of the humerus at the shoulder

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34
Q

name the action(s) of the triceps brachii

A

extension and adduction of the humerus at the shoulder and extension of the elbow

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35
Q

name the action(s) of the brachioradialis

A

flexion of the elbow

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36
Q

name the action(s) of the pronator teres

A

pronation of the forearm

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37
Q

name the action(s) of the anconeus

A

extension of the elbow

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38
Q

name the action(s) of the supinator

A

supinates forearm

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39
Q

name the action(s) of the flexor carpi radialis

A

anterior flexion and radial flexion of the wrist

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40
Q

name the action(s) of the flexor carpi ulnaris

A

anterior flexion and ulnar flexion of the wrist

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41
Q

name the action(s) of the palmaris longus

A

anchors the skin and fascia of the palm

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42
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis

A

anterior flexion of the wrist and flexion of metacarpophalangeal, and middle interphalangeal joints of digits

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43
Q

name the action(s) of the flexor pollicis longus

A

flexion of interphalangeal joint of the thumb

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44
Q

name the action(s) of the flexor pollicis brevis

A

flexion of metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb

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45
Q

name the action(s) of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

A

extension and radial flexion of the wrist

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46
Q

name the action(s) of the extensor digitorum

A

extension fo the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5 and extension of wrist

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47
Q

name the action(s) of the extensor carpi ulnaris

A

extension and ulnar flexion of the wrist

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48
Q

name the action(s) of the adductor pollicis

A

draws thumb toward palm as gripping

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49
Q

name the action(s) of the abductor pollicis longus

A

abduction fo the thumb in frontal and sagittal plane, extension at carpometacarpal joint

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50
Q

name the action(s) of the abductor pollicis brevis

A

abduction of thumb in sagittal plane

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51
Q

name the action(s) of the extensor pollicis longus and brevis

A

extension of thumb

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52
Q

name the action(s) of the diaphragm

A

prime mover of inspiration compresses abdomen

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53
Q

name the action(s) of the external intercostal

A

elevation of ribs for inspiration

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54
Q

name the action(s) of the internal intercostals

A

depression fo the ribs for forced expiration

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55
Q

name the action(s) of the external abdominal oblique

A

compresses abdomen, flexes/stabilizes vertebral column during lifting, and unilateral contraction causes contralateral rotation

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56
Q

name the action(s) of the internal abdominal oblique

A

compresses abdomen, flexes/stabilizes vertebral column during lifting, and unilateral contraction causes ipsilateral rotation

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57
Q

name the action(s) of the transverses abdominus

A

compresses abdomen

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58
Q

name the action(s) of the rectus abdominus

A

flexion of vertebral column; compresses abdomen

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59
Q

name the action(s) of the iliopsoas group

A

flexion of thigh at hip when trunk is fixed; flexion of trunk when hip is fixed

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60
Q

name the action(s) of the tensor fasciae latae

A

extension and lateral rotation of the knee and abduction and medial rotation of thigh at the hip

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61
Q

name the action(s) of the gluteus maximus

A

extension and abduction fo thigh at the hip and elevation of the trunk

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62
Q

name the action(s) of the gluteus medius

A

abduction and medial rotation of thigh at the hip

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63
Q

name the action(s) of the piriformis

A

lateral rotation and extension of thigh at the hip abducts thigh when fixed

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64
Q

name the action(s) of the quadrates femoris

A

lateral rotation of thigh at the hip

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65
Q

name the action(s) of the adductor brevis

A

adduction of thigh at the hip

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66
Q

name the action(s) of the adductor longus

A

adduction, flexion, and medial rotation fo thigh at the hip

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67
Q

name the action(s) of the adductor magnus

A

adduction and medial rotation of thigh at the hip; extension of thigh

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68
Q

name the action(s) of the gracilis

A

adduction of the leg at the hip, flexion and medial rotation of tibia at knee

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69
Q

name the action(s) of the pectineus

A

flexion and adduction of thigh at the hip

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70
Q

name the action(s) of the rectus femoris

A

extension of knee, flexion of thigh at the hip, and flexion of the trunk when the thigh is fixed

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71
Q

name the action(s) of the vastus lateralis

A

extension of the knee

72
Q

name the action(s) of the vastus medialis

A

extension of the knee

73
Q

name the action(s) of the vastus intermedius

A

extension of the knee

74
Q

name the action(s) of the sartorious

A

flexion, abduction and lateral rotation of thigh at the hip, and flexion knee

75
Q

name the action(s) of the biceps femoris

A

flexion of the knee, extension of the thigh at hip, and elevation of trunk

76
Q

name the action(s) of the semitendinosus

A

flexion of the knee and extension of thigh at the hip and medial rotation of tibia at knee when flexed

77
Q

name the action(s) of the semimembranosus

A

flexion of knee, extension o thigh at hip, medial rotation of tibia at knee when flexed

78
Q

name the action(s) of the popliteus

A

medial rotation of tibia at knee when knee is flexed

79
Q

name the action(s) of the gastrocnemius

A

plantar flexion of foot and flexion of the knee

80
Q

name the action(s) of the tibialis anterior

A

dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot

81
Q

name the action(s) of the soleus

A

plantar flexion of foot

82
Q

name the action(s) of the fibulas longus and brevis

A

eversion of foot; maintains concavity of foot during tip toeing

83
Q

name the action(s) of the tibialis posterior

A

inversion and plantar flexion of foot

84
Q

name the action(s) of the extensor digitorum longus

A

extension of interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5 and dorsiflexion of foot

85
Q

name the action(s) of the extensor digitorum brevis

A

extension of interphalangeal joints digits 2-5

86
Q

name the action(s) of the extensor hallucis longus and brevis

A

extension of interphalangeal joints of digit1 and dorsiflexion of foot

87
Q

name the action(s) of the flexor digitorum longus

A

flexion of interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5

88
Q

name the action(s) of the flexor hallucis longus

A

flexion of interphalangeal joints of digit 1

89
Q

name the attachment(s) of the zygomaticus major and minor

A

the zygomatic bone, skin and muscles of lower lip

90
Q

name the attachment(s) of the temporalis

A

temporal lines and temporal fossa; coronoid process and anterior border of mandible

91
Q

name the attachment(s) of the masseter

A

zygomatic arch; mandibular angle and lateral ramus of mandible

92
Q

name the attachment(s) of the sternocleidomastoid

A

manubrium foo sternum; medial 1/3 of clavicle; mastoid process; lateral half of superior nuchal line

93
Q

name the attachment(s) of the scalenes group

A

transverse processes of C1-C7 and ribs 1-2

94
Q

name the attachment(s) of the trapezius

A

external occipital protuberance; superior nuchal line; spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12; scapula and lateral clavicle

95
Q

name the attachment(s) of the pectoralis minor

A

ribs 3-5 and coracoid process of scapula

96
Q

name the attachment(s) of the erector spine group

A

nuchal ligament; ribs 3-12; thoracic and lumbar vertebrae; median sacral crests; mastoid process; cervical and thoracic vertebrae; all ribs

97
Q

name the attachment(s) of the pectoralis major

A

medial clavicle; sternum; costal cartilages 1-7; inter tubercular sulcus of humerus

98
Q

name the attachment(s) of the latissimus dorsi

A

T7-L5; ribs 9-12; iliac crest and inter tubercular sulcus of humerus

99
Q

name the attachment(s) of the deltoid

A

accordion and spine of scapula; clavicle; deltoid tuberosity of humerus

100
Q

name the attachment(s) of the biceps brachii

A

glenoid cavity, coracoidprocess of scapula, radial tuberosity; fascia of the forearm

101
Q

name the attachment(s) of the triceps brachii

A

glenoid cavity and joint capsule, posterior surface of head of humerus, posterior surface of humeral shaft, olecranon process of ulna; fascia forearm

102
Q

name the attachment(s) of the brachioradialis

A

lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and the lateral surface of the radius near the styloid process

103
Q

name the attachment(s) of the external abdominal oblique

A

ribs 5-12, iliac crest; pubic symphysis and superior ramus of the pubis

104
Q

name the attachment(s) of the rectus abdominis

A

pubic symphysis and superior ramus of pubis, xiphoid process; costal cartilages 5-7

105
Q

name the attachment(s) of the gluteus maximus

A

posterior surface of ilium, coccyx and sacrum, gluteal tuberosity of femur; lateral condyle of tibia via iliotibial tract

106
Q

name the attachment(s) of the adductor brevis

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis, linea aspera of femur

107
Q

name the attachment(s) of the adductor longus

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis, linea aspera of femur

108
Q

name the attachment(s) of the adductor magnus

A

inferior ramus of pubis; ischial tuberosity and ramus, linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity and supracondylar line of femur

109
Q

name the attachment(s) of the rectus femoris

A

anterior inferior spine of ilium; superior margin of acetabulum; capsule of hip joint, patella; tibial tuberosity; lateral and medial condyles of tibia via the patellar tendon

110
Q

name the attachment(s) of the vastus lateralis

A

greater trochanter of femur; gluteal tuberosity and linea aspera of femur, patella; tibial tuberosity; lateral and medial condyles of the tibia via the patellar tendon

111
Q

name the attachment(s) of the vastus medialis

A

intertrochanteric line and supracondylar line of femur; linea aspera; patella; tibial tuberosity; lateral and medial condyles of the tibia via the patellar tendon

112
Q

name the attachment(s) of the vastus intermedius

A

anterior and lateral surfaces of the femoral shaft; patella; tibial tuberosity; lateral and medial condyles of the tibia via the patellar tendon

113
Q

name the attachment(s) of the biceps femoris

A

ischial tuberosity, linea aspera, and head of fibula

114
Q

name the attachment(s) of the semitendinosus

A

ischial tuberosity, medial surface of the upper tibia, and medial condyle of tibia

115
Q

name the attachment(s) of the semimembranosus

A

ischial tuberosity, medial condyle of the tibia and lateral condyle of the femur, popliteal ligament

116
Q

name the attachment(s) of the gastrocnemius

A

condyles and popliteal surface of the tibia and the calcaneus

117
Q

name the muscles in the rotator cuff group and their function

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. These muscles help to protect and stabilize the glenohumeral joint

118
Q

name the muscles in the quadriceps femoris group and their function

A

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius. These muscles are the anterior compartment group of muscles which all insert on the patellar tendon.

119
Q

name the muscles in the hamstrings group and their function

A

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus. These muscles are the posterior compartment group of muscles which are named for insertion near the popliteal fossa.

120
Q

name the muscles in the triceps surge and their function

A

gastrocnemius and the soleus. This is the group fo muscles which insert on the calcaneal tendon.

121
Q

name the muscles in the erector spinae and their function

A

iliocostalis, longissimus, and the spinalis. these are the muscles running vertically form the cranium to the sacrum

122
Q

another name for a neuron cell body is

123
Q

the dark spot at the center of the cell represents the ___ while the light ring around it represents the ___

A

nucleolus, nucleus

124
Q

what are the four regions of the spine

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral

125
Q

where does the medullary cone start?

126
Q

the medullary cone continues to become the

A

cuada equina

127
Q

the ___ gives rise to nerves of the upper limbs

A

cervical enlargement

128
Q

the ___ gives rise to nerves of the pelvic region and lower limbs

A

lumbar enlargement

129
Q

the inner most layer of the spinal cord is the

130
Q

the ___ anchors the medullary cone by way of the

A

terminal film, coccygeal ligament

131
Q

the __ is superficial to the pia mater

132
Q

the most superficial meningeal layer is the

A

dura mater

133
Q

the ___ exists between the dura mater and vertebral canal and is filled with connective tissue

A

epidural space

134
Q

how many pairs fo spinal nerves arise form the spinal cord

135
Q

how many pairs of cervical nerves are there

136
Q

how many pairs of thoracic nerves are there

137
Q

how many pairs of lumbar nerves are there

138
Q

how many pairs of sacral nerves are there

139
Q

how many pairs of coccygeal nerves are there

140
Q

what are the 4 nerve plexuses

A

cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral

141
Q

what spinal nerves are associates with the cervical plexus

142
Q

what spinal nerves are associates with the lumbar plexus

143
Q

what spinal nerves are associates with the Sacral plexus

A

L4-L5 and S1-S4

144
Q

what emerging nerves come from the cervical plexus

145
Q

what emerging nerves come from the brachial plexus

A

radial, median, and ulnar nerves

146
Q

what emerging nerves come from the sacral plexus

147
Q

what part of the spinal cord houses CSF

A

the central canal

148
Q

The anterior root contains what classification of neurons?

A

multipolar

149
Q

the posterior root contains what classification of neurons

150
Q

name the twelve cranial nerves along with their number and classification(composition)

A 
Olfactory, 1, sensory
Optic, 2, sensory
Oculomotor, 3, motor
Trochlear, 4, motor,
Trigeminal, 5, mixed
Abducens, 6, motor
Facial, 7, mixed
Vestibulocochlear, 8, sensory
Glossopharyngeal, 9, mixed 
Vagus, 10, mixed
Accessory, 11, motor
Hypoglossal, 12, motor
151
Q

Name the composition, function(s), origin, termination, and effect of damage in the Olfactory nerve

A

sensory, sense of smell, olfactory mucosa in the nasal cavity, olfactory bulbs, impaired sense of smell

152
Q

Name the composition, function(s), origin, termination, and effect of damage in the optic nerve

A

sensory, sense of vision, nervous component of the retina, thalamus and midbrain, blindness in part or all of visual field.

153
Q

Name the composition, function(s), termination and function, and effect of damage in the oculomotor nerve

A

predominantly motor, midbrain, (elevator palpabrae superiors-opens the eyelid and sphincter pupillae muscle-constriction fo the pupil), drooping of eyelid or dilated pupil

154
Q

Name the composition, origin, termination and function, and effect of damage in the trochlear nerve

A

motor, midbrain, superior oblique muscle of the eye-depresses eye and turns it laterally, double vision and weekend ability to look downward

155
Q

Name the composition, function(s), origin, termination, and effect of damage in the trigeminal nerve-ophthalmic division

A

sensory, pons, superior region of the face and the surface of the eyeball, touch/temperature/pain sensation from the upper face, loss of sensation from the surface of the eyeball and upper face

156
Q

Name the composition, function(s), origin, termination, and effect of damage in the trigeminal nerve-maxillary division

A

sensory, touch/temperature/pain sensation from the middle face, middle region of the face and the maxillary sinus, pons, loss of sensation from the middle face and upper teeth and gums

157
Q

Name the composition, function(s), origin, termination, and effect of damage in the trigeminal nerve-mandibular division

A

mixed
Sensory division: touch/temperature/pan sensations, inferior region fo the face, pons
Motor division: mastication, pons, masseter
loss of sensation from the lower face and impaired chewing

158
Q

Name the composition, origin, termination and function, and effect of damage in the abducens nerve

A

motor, inferior pons, lateral rectus muscle of the eye-moves eye laterally, inability to turn eye laterally, at rest eye will drift medially

159
Q

Name the composition, function(s), origin, termination, and effect of damage in the facial nerve

A

mixed
Sensory division: taste form the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, taste buds of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, thalamus
Motor division: facial expression/secretion of tears, saliva, nasal and oral mucus, pons, muscles on the middle ear and muscles of facial expression
inability to control facial muscles; sagging due to loss of muscle tone; distorted sense of taste, primarily for sweet foods

160
Q

Name the composition, function(s), origin, termination, and effect of damage in the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

mostly sensory
Sensory division: sense of hearing and equilibrium, cochlea and vestibule/semicircular ducts, medulla and pons
Motor division: altered sensitivity of the cochlea to sound waves, pons, outer hair cells of the cochlea of the inner ear
nerve deafness, dizziness, nausea, loss of balance

161
Q

Name the composition, function(s), origin, termination, and effect of damage in the glossopharyngeal nerve

A

mixed
Sensory division: taste on the posterior 2/3 of the tongue, touch/pressure/pain/temperature sensation from the tongue and outer ear, pharynx and posterior 2/3 of the tongue no termination??
motor division: salivation, medulla oblongata, parotid salivary glands of the posterior tongue and muscles of swallowing
loss of bitter and sour taste, impaired swallowing

162
Q

Name the composition, function(s), origin, termination, and effect of damage in the vagus nerve

A

mixed
sensory division: taste/sensations of hunger/fullness/gastrointestinal discomfort, thoracic/abdominopelvic viscera/phayrnx and larynx, medulla oblongata
motor division: swallowing/speech/gastrointestinal motility, medulla oblongata, tongue/palate/pharynx/larynx
hoarseness or loss of voice, impaired swallowing and gastrointestinal motility can be fatal gif m=both vagus nerves are damaged

163
Q

Name the composition, function(s), origin, termination, and effect of damage in the accessory nerve

A

motor, swallowing/head, neck, and shoulder movement, spinal cord segments C1-C6, palate/pharynx/trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, impaired movement of the head, neck, and shoulders

164
Q

Name the composition, function(s), origin, termination, and effect of damage in the hypoglossal nerve

A

motor, tongue movements of speech, food manipulation and swallowing, medulla oblongata, intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue, impaired speech and swallowing/deviation of tongue to damaged side

165
Q

what does the lacrimal gland do

A

produces tears

166
Q

what action and cranial nerve is the lateral rectus associated with

A

moves eye laterally, abducens

167
Q

what action and cranial nerve is the medial rectus associated with

A

moves eye medially, oculomotor

168
Q

what action and cranial nerve is the superior rectus associated with

A

elevates eye and turns it medially, oculomotor

169
Q

what action and cranial nerve is the inferior rectus associated with

A

depresses eye and turns it medially, oculomotor

170
Q

what action and cranial nerve is the inferior oblique associated with

A

elevates eye and turns it laterally, oculomotor

171
Q

what action and cranial nerve is the superior oblique associated with

A

depresses eye and turns it laterally, trochlear

172
Q

what part of the ear is known as the eardrum?

A

tympanic membrane

173
Q

what are the three auditory ossicles

A

the malleus, incus, and the stapes

174
Q

what is the function of the cochlear duct

A

it contains sensory receptors for hearing

175
Q

what is the function of the vestibular nerve

A

the fibers transmit signals from the ampullae to the brain

176
Q

what is the function of the cochlear nerve fibers

A

they transmit signals from the cochlea to the brain

TCU A+P (12 decks)

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