Chapter 16B (the ear) Flashcards
The innermost networks the ear is the__
membranous labyrinth.
The __ is a membranous labyrinth wrapped in a bony labyrinth.
cochlea
The scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain __
perilymph
the scala media contains __
endolymph.
Supporting cells are found in the __
basilar membrane.
Inner and outer hair cells are what modality
mechanoreceptors.
what stimulates a mechanoreceptor
movement
The hair is embedded in the __ so anytime there are vibrations it causes the hairs to be compressed into the ___ which is enough to__ and activate them.
tectorial membrane, depolarize
The __ cells are the most sensitive and the __ cells help define things like the loudness of a noise.
inner hair, outer hair
In order, the names of the ossicles are the__
malleus, incus, stapes.
__ pitch sounds cross the cochlear duct first.
Higher
For hearing in the labyrinth only the __was used, but for equilibrium and balance we incorporate the ___
cochlea, utricle, saccule, ampulla, and semicircular ducts.
The membranous regions in the vestibule are the __
saccule and the utricle
inside the saccule and the utricle there is a mechanoreceptor called __
macula.
__ occurs because of an inbalance in the vestibule
Vertigo
__ is for linear acceleration but __is for dynamic equilibrium or angular forces.
Macula, ampulla
The __ ear and __ear are involved with hearing
external, middle
The __functions in both hearing and equilibrium.
internal ear (labyrinth)
Stimuli are eventually transmitted to the brain via the __
vestibulocochlear nerve.
The auricle (pinna) directs sound waves into the __
external acoustic meatus.
The external acoustic meatus (auditory canal) is a short, curved tube that is lined with__
skin bearing hairs, sebaceous glands, and ceruminous glands.
___is a connective tissue boundary between external and middle ears.
The tympanic membrane (eardrum)
The sound waves cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate and transfer vibrations to the ___of the middle ear.
ossicles
The middle ear is a small, air-filled, mucosa-lined cavity in the __
temporal bone.
The middle ear includes the __
malleus, incus, and stapes.
the malleus, incus, and stapes transmit vibratory motion of the eardrum to the
oval window
Tympanic reflex is when__
a loud noise causes tensor tympani and stapedius muscles to contract reflexively to prevent damage to the hearing receptors.
The pharyngotympanic tube connects the __ to the __and __
middle ear, nasopharynx, equalizes pressure in the middle ear cavity.
__is inflammation of the inner ear.
Otitis media
In the internal ear, the bony labyrinth of channels is formed by the __
temporal bone.
The regions of the internal ear are referred to as the __
vestibule, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea.
The membranous labyrinth is surrounded by __ and filled with __ which carry vibrations caused by sound waves and movement.
perilymph, endolymph
The cochlea is part of the___and coils around a section of spongy bone called the __
bony labyrinth, modiolus.
The cochlear duct contains __
endolymph
Motor neurons from the __can stimulate outer hair cells to shorten causing the basilar membrane to become less mobile. Which will cause what
pons, This will cause the cochlea to respond to more specific pitch frequencies.
__ is the ringing or clicking in the ears in the absence of auditory stimuli.
Tinnitus
what is the cause of tinnitus
due to cochlear nerve degeneration, inflammation of the middle or internal ears, or side effects of aspirin.
___ syndrome is when a labyrinth disorder that affects the cochlea and the semicircular canals. This causes vertigo, nausea, and vomiting.
Meniere’s
__ is blocked sound conduction to the fluids of the internal ear. What causes this?
Conduction of deafness, It can result from impacted earwax, perforated eardrum, or otosclerosis of the ossicles.
__ deafness is the damage to the neural structures at any point from the cochlear hair cells to the auditory cortical cells.
Sensorineural
The vestibule is a component of the__labyrinth
bony
The semicircular canals are a component of the__ labyrinth and contain the membranous semicircular ducts.
bony
The semicircular ducts are surrounded by__ and are filled with __
perilymph, endolymph
The ampulla at the base of each semicircular duct contain a receptor region called the __
crista ampullaris
The crista ampullaris monitors what
the dynamic equilibrium-angular acceleration forces; rotation.
Fibers from the vestibular nerve run to the ___ and the __
pons, medulla oblongata
