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TCU A+P > Chapter 16B (the ear) > Flashcards

Chapter 16B (the ear) Flashcards

1
Q

The innermost networks the ear is the__

A

membranous labyrinth.

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2
Q

The __ is a membranous labyrinth wrapped in a bony labyrinth.

A

cochlea

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3
Q

The scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain __

A

perilymph

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4
Q

the scala media contains __

A

endolymph.

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5
Q

Supporting cells are found in the __

A

basilar membrane.

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6
Q

Inner and outer hair cells are what modality

A

mechanoreceptors.

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7
Q

what stimulates a mechanoreceptor

A

movement

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8
Q

The hair is embedded in the __ so anytime there are vibrations it causes the hairs to be compressed into the ___ which is enough to__ and activate them.

A

tectorial membrane, depolarize

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9
Q

The __ cells are the most sensitive and the __ cells help define things like the loudness of a noise.

A

inner hair, outer hair

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10
Q

In order, the names of the ossicles are the__

A

malleus, incus, stapes.

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11
Q

__ pitch sounds cross the cochlear duct first.

A

Higher

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12
Q

For hearing in the labyrinth only the __was used, but for equilibrium and balance we incorporate the ___

A

cochlea, utricle, saccule, ampulla, and semicircular ducts.

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13
Q

The membranous regions in the vestibule are the __

A

saccule and the utricle

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14
Q

inside the saccule and the utricle there is a mechanoreceptor called __

A

macula.

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15
Q

__ occurs because of an inbalance in the vestibule

A

Vertigo

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16
Q

__ is for linear acceleration but __is for dynamic equilibrium or angular forces.

A

Macula, ampulla

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17
Q

The __ ear and __ear are involved with hearing

A

external, middle

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18
Q

The __functions in both hearing and equilibrium.

A

internal ear (labyrinth)

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19
Q

Stimuli are eventually transmitted to the brain via the __

A

vestibulocochlear nerve.

20
Q

The auricle (pinna) directs sound waves into the __

A

external acoustic meatus.

21
Q

The external acoustic meatus (auditory canal) is a short, curved tube that is lined with__

A

skin bearing hairs, sebaceous glands, and ceruminous glands.

22
Q

___is a connective tissue boundary between external and middle ears.

A

The tympanic membrane (eardrum)

23
Q

The sound waves cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate and transfer vibrations to the ___of the middle ear.

A

ossicles

24
Q

The middle ear is a small, air-filled, mucosa-lined cavity in the __

A

temporal bone.

25
Q

The middle ear includes the __

A

malleus, incus, and stapes.

26
Q

the malleus, incus, and stapes transmit vibratory motion of the eardrum to the

A

oval window

27
Q

Tympanic reflex is when__

A

a loud noise causes tensor tympani and stapedius muscles to contract reflexively to prevent damage to the hearing receptors.

28
Q

The pharyngotympanic tube connects the __ to the __and __

A

middle ear, nasopharynx, equalizes pressure in the middle ear cavity.

29
Q

__is inflammation of the inner ear.

A

Otitis media

30
Q

In the internal ear, the bony labyrinth of channels is formed by the __

A

temporal bone.

31
Q

The regions of the internal ear are referred to as the __

A

vestibule, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea.

32
Q

The membranous labyrinth is surrounded by __ and filled with __ which carry vibrations caused by sound waves and movement.

A

perilymph, endolymph

33
Q

The cochlea is part of the___and coils around a section of spongy bone called the __

A

bony labyrinth, modiolus.

34
Q

The cochlear duct contains __

A

endolymph

35
Q

Motor neurons from the __can stimulate outer hair cells to shorten causing the basilar membrane to become less mobile. Which will cause what

A

pons, This will cause the cochlea to respond to more specific pitch frequencies.

36
Q

__ is the ringing or clicking in the ears in the absence of auditory stimuli.

A

Tinnitus

37
Q

what is the cause of tinnitus

A

due to cochlear nerve degeneration, inflammation of the middle or internal ears, or side effects of aspirin.

38
Q

___ syndrome is when a labyrinth disorder that affects the cochlea and the semicircular canals. This causes vertigo, nausea, and vomiting.

A

Meniere’s

39
Q

__ is blocked sound conduction to the fluids of the internal ear. What causes this?

A

Conduction of deafness, It can result from impacted earwax, perforated eardrum, or otosclerosis of the ossicles.

40
Q

__ deafness is the damage to the neural structures at any point from the cochlear hair cells to the auditory cortical cells.

A

Sensorineural

41
Q

The vestibule is a component of the__labyrinth

A

bony

42
Q

The semicircular canals are a component of the__ labyrinth and contain the membranous semicircular ducts.

A

bony

43
Q

The semicircular ducts are surrounded by__ and are filled with __

A

perilymph, endolymph

44
Q

The ampulla at the base of each semicircular duct contain a receptor region called the __

A

crista ampullaris

45
Q

The crista ampullaris monitors what

A

the dynamic equilibrium-angular acceleration forces; rotation.

46
Q

Fibers from the vestibular nerve run to the ___ and the __

A

pons, medulla oblongata

TCU A+P (12 decks)

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