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TCU A+P > Lecture exam 5 chapter 14 > Flashcards

Lecture exam 5 chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

All the diencephalon is composed of __while most other regions are composed of both gray and white matter.

A

gray matter

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2
Q

The brain stem has ___ in the middle surrounded by tracts of __

A

gray matter, white matter

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3
Q

the __contains nuclei for ten out of the twelve cranial nerves.

A

brain stem

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4
Q

what are some functions of the medulla oblongata

A

cardiac and vasomotor (constriction and dilation of blood vessels) (regulates heart rate and force and blood pressure) center of the brain, regulates burping and vomiting

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5
Q

where does 90% of decussation occur

A

in the medulla

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6
Q

The ___helps the medulla to regulate respiration, vomiting, and posture. It also helps connect your senses. It helps dictate motor control like chewing, eye movement, urination, and lacrimal glands.

A

pons

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7
Q

where is the location fo the corpora quadrigemina

A

the midbrain

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8
Q

the corpora quadrigemina is composed of two ___, the superior___ and inferior ___

A

nuclei, colliculi, colliculi

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9
Q

what doe the colliculi do

A

integrate sensory input and auditory input so you can match up what you see with what you hear. That’s why you’ll look towards what you hear.

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10
Q

where can melanin be found in the brain

A

in the substatia nigra

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11
Q

where is the motor control for dopamine found

A

in the substantia nigra

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12
Q

Whenever dopamine and substantia nigra are deficient in production that’s what gives rise to

A

parkinson’s.

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13
Q

The ___ are where the oculomotor nerves arise from and are bundles of fibers that connect things.

A

cerebral peduncles

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14
Q

A___ connects fibers to the cerebrum.

A

cerebral peduncle

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15
Q

The cerebellar peduncles allow communication between___, ___, and the ___

A

brain stem, spinal cord, and cerebellum

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16
Q

The median junction between the right and left hemispheres is the

A

vermis.

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17
Q

The number one function of the cerebellum is __ and gives basic understanding of __ and __

A

balance, time, basic cognition

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18
Q

__is the awareness of position

A

Proprioception

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19
Q

___plans out all of your movements

A

The primary motor cortex

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20
Q

The diencephalon consists of the __

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and the mamillary bodies

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21
Q

The ___ is the relay center

A

thalamus

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22
Q

the ___ is important for regulating movement, learning and memory

A

thalamus

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23
Q

The ___nucleus plays a big role in animals that hibernate

A

suprachiasmatic

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24
Q

what are the five lobes of the cerebrum

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula.

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25
Q

the ___ divides the frontal and parietal lobe

A

central sulcus

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26
Q

___is how the two cerebral hemispheres have distinct functions.

A

Cerebral lateralization

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27
Q

___is the outer region of the cerebrum, it is gray matter, and is only 6 cell layers thick of interneurons.

A

The cerebral cortex

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28
Q

The__ is the largest example of a white matter tract.

A

corpus callosum

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29
Q

A __is a bundle of axons in the CNS, cerebrum, and spinal cord

A

tract

30
Q

A nerve is a collection of __ in the __

A

axons,PNS

31
Q

__ are found in the posterior root ganglion and is a collection of cell bodies in the PNS.

A

Ganglion

32
Q

A __ is a collection of cell bodies in the CNS.

A

nucleus

33
Q

The __ tract relays signals from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord

A

projection

34
Q

An example of a projection tract is the __ tract.

A

corticospinal

35
Q

All tracts are

A

white matter

36
Q

Sensory function is found ___ to the central sulcus so is the __ cortex.

A

posterior, primary somatosensory

37
Q

the primary somatosensory does what

A

provides conscious contralateral spatial discrimination and location of sensation.

38
Q

The primary somatosensory cortex is located in the ___

A

postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe

39
Q

The primary motor cortex is found in the

A

precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

40
Q

The premotor cortex is important for

A

pattern movements

41
Q

The basal nuclei is the part of the brain that becomes affected during

A

parkinson’s.

42
Q

Substantia nigra releases

A

dopamine.

43
Q

The __ is responsible for receiving proprioception so you can plan voluntary movements.

A

cerebellum

44
Q

The primary motor cortex executes

A

contralateral voluntary muscle control.

45
Q

The premotor cortex is responsible for___and is part of the ___

A

programming voluntary and repetitive movements , primary motor cortex.

46
Q

The ___ plans the timing of repetitive movements.

A

basal nuclei

47
Q

___controls the muscles for speech. When this area is damaged you know what you want to say but can’t say it.

A

Broca’s

48
Q

___ is responsible for understanding written and spoken language. When it’s damaged you can’t understand what someone is telling you or when they read. You can speak but it won’t make sense. Also has a hard time recognizing faces

A

The wernicke’s area

49
Q

Cognition and personality are tied to the

A

prefrontal cortex.

50
Q

___is the ability to make new memories.

A

anterograde

51
Q

___ is the inability to store new memories

A

Antergograde amnesia

52
Q

___is the inability to recall memories that existed before an injury.

A

retrograde amnesia

53
Q

the ___ helps sort all the stimuli that help make memories into short term memories

A

hippocampus

54
Q

___ plays a role in memory as neurotransmitter.

A

ACh

55
Q

Damage to the___ can cause amnesia.

A

hippocampus

56
Q

can Mitosis of neurons occur in the hippocampus

A

yes

57
Q

___neurons are the kinds of neurons that release ACh.

A

Cholinergic

58
Q

A shortage of ___ is associated with Alzheimer’s. It is associated with the death of cholinergic neurons.

A

ACh

59
Q

When someone is brain dead they exhibit __waves.

A

delta

60
Q

The effects of most cranial nerves are ipsilateral but the ___ and __ are contralateral.

A

optic and trochlear

61
Q

__ is the partial or total loss of smell.

A

Anosmia

62
Q

___ is a visual defect of some sort.

A

Anopsia

63
Q

The ___ rotates the eye laterally

A

external strabismus

64
Q

__ is droopy eyelid

A

Ptosis

65
Q

___ is when the eye rotates medially at rest

A

Internal strabismus

66
Q

__is often caused by the herpes simplex virus which causes paralysis of the facial muscles on the affected side, the lower eyelid droops, mouth sags, and tears drip continuously from the eye.

A

Bell’s palsy

67
Q

what are the five parts of the facial nerve

A

cervical, mandibular, buccal, zygomatic, and temporal.

68
Q

the brainstem includes the

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

69
Q

what are the functions of the medulla oblongata

A
  1. Cardiac and vasomotor centers to regulate heart rate and blood pressure
  2. Medulla oblongata and the pons contain respiratory centers to regulate breathing rate and depth.
  3. Decussation of most cortisol tracts
  4. And regulation of blood pressure, respiration, speech, chewing, salivation, vomiting, hiccuping, swallowing, coughing, and sneezing
70
Q

what are the functions of the pons

A
  1. Contains nuclei important for helping the medulla regulate respiration, sleep, and posture.
  2. Plays sensory roles in hearing, equilibrium, taste, and facial sensations due to cranial nerve input.
  3. Plays motor roles in eye movement, facial expression, chewing, swallowing, urination, and secretion of saliva and tears due to cranial nerve output.
71
Q

what are the functions of the midbrain

A
  1. Substantia nigra which denotes the presence of dopamine-producing neurons which project to the basal nuclei of the brain degeneration is the ultimate cause of parkinson’s
  2. The corpora quadrigemina of the midbrain integrates visual sensory input and auditory sensory input in order to coordinate head movements.

TCU A+P (12 decks)

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