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TCU A+P > Lecture 5 chapter 13 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

where does the spinal cord end

A

the conus medullaris

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2
Q

why is the conus medullar is important

A

that’s where a lot of lumbar punctures occur.

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3
Q

___ is unmyelinated and __ is myelinated.

A

Gray matter, white

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4
Q

where is lateral horn of gray matter found

A

thoracic region

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5
Q

the ___ is where neurons cross from one side to the other

A

gray commissure

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6
Q

__ is the site of synapse

A

gray matter

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7
Q

The __ contains bundles of neurons that travel up and down the spinal cord.

A

white matter

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8
Q

Sensory neurons go through the __and the motor go through the__

A

posterior root , anterior

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9
Q

Unipolar neurons are classified with

A

sensory

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10
Q

If the anterior root of a spinal cord is damaged you will lose __, if the posterior,__

A

motor skills, sensory

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11
Q

The anterior root does not have a ganglion mostly because they are __- neurons.

A

multipolar

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12
Q

The ganglion is where all the ___ are located.

A

cell bodies

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13
Q

The motor neuron cell bodies are found in the___

A

gray matter

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14
Q

Reflexes are only reacting through the ___ which makes them fast.

A

gray matter

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15
Q

You can put an ___between the sensory and motor neuron

A

interneuron

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16
Q

Where the posterior and anterior root merge is the first sign of a ___

A

spinal nerve.

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17
Q

A tract is a collection of ___ within the __

A

axons, CNS.

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18
Q

is the cuneate fasciculus ascending or descending

A

ascending

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19
Q

what columns the cuneate fasciculus found in

A

the posterior

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20
Q

where does the cuneate fasciculus decuss

A

in the medulla

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21
Q

what are the functions of the cuneate fasciculus

A

sensations of limb and trunk position and movement, deep touch, visceral pain and vibration from level T6 and up

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22
Q

is the spinothalamic tract ascending or descending

A

ascending

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23
Q

what column is the spinothalamic tract found in

A

lateral and anterior

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24
Q

where does the spinothalamic tract undergo decussation

A

in the spinal cord

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25
Q

what are the function of the spinothalamic tract

A

sensations of light touch, tickle, itch, temperature, pain, and pressure

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26
Q

is the posterior spinocerebellar tract ascending or descending

A

ascending

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27
Q

what column is the posterior spinocerebellar tract found in

A

lateral

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28
Q

where does decussation occur in the spinocerebellar tract

A

int does not

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29
Q

what are the functions of the spinocerebellar tract

A

feedback from muscles (proprioception)

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30
Q

is the lateral corticospinal tract ascending or descending

A

descending

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31
Q

what column is the lateral corticospinal tract found in

A

lateral

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32
Q

where does decussation occur in the lateral corticospinal tract

A

in the medulla

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33
Q

what are the functions of the lateral corticospinal tract

A

fine control of limbs

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34
Q

is the anterior corticospinal tract ascending or descending

A

descending

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35
Q

what column is the anterior corticospinal tract found in

A

the anterior

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36
Q

where does decussation occur in the anterior corticospinal tract

A

in the spinal cord

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37
Q

what are the functions of the anterior corticospinal tract

A

fine control of limbs

38
Q

the ___ deals with T6 and up

A

cuneate fasciculus

39
Q

The ___ marks the end of the first order neuron and the beginning of the second order neuron.

A

synapse

40
Q

The ___ is a relay center for the cerebrum.

A

thalamus

41
Q

For the descending pathway the pathway starts in the

A

cerebral cortex.

42
Q

The spinal nerves immediately split into a ___ and an ___

A

posterior ramus, anterior ramus

43
Q

The posterior ramus are largely

A

sensory

44
Q

The ___ ramus is a little bit bigger than the __ramus.

A

anterior, posterior

45
Q

the ___ form intercostal nerves for breathing they are also the nerves in the thoracic region that give rise to the sympathetic chain (sympathetic autonomic anatomy)

A

anterior ramus

46
Q

The autonomic motor neurons have the two subclasses of ___and___

A

parasympathetic, sympathetic

47
Q

the ___ houses sympathetic autonomic motor neurons and replaces a thoracic plexus

A

sympathetic trunk

48
Q

Inside the sympathetic trunk are

A

communicating rami.

49
Q

Each plexus is formed by the ___ of each of the spinal nerves that form it.

A

anterior rami

50
Q

___are the nerves that innervate the diaphragm.

A

Phrenic nerves

51
Q

__ are the first order neurons of the cuneate fasciculus pathway

A

C5-C8 and T1

52
Q

The _- is the one that gets pinched during inflammation with carpal tunnel.

A

median nerve

53
Q

Damage of the ulnar nerve results in

A

claw hand.

54
Q

The radial nerve effects extensors and damage results in

A

wrist drop

55
Q

__ innervates the hamstrings group and runs all the way down to the foot.

A

The sciatic nerve

56
Q

__ is the collection of nerve roots from L2-S5

A

the Cauda equina

57
Q

The cell bodies of outgoing somatic neurons are found in the

A

anterior horns of gray matter.

58
Q

Autonomic motor neurons house their cell bodies in the

A

lateral horns of the gray matter.

59
Q

First order neurons are___ that transmit impulses from the___receptors to the spinal cord.

A

unipolar sensory neurons, PNS

60
Q

in most sensory pathways the second-order neuron will synapse with a third-order neuron in the__ of the brain.

A

thalamus

61
Q

In the spinocerebellar pathway, the second-order neuron terminates in the ___ and there is no third-order neuron.

A

cerebellum

62
Q

Third-order neurons (if present) will arise from the __ and ascend to the appropriate region of the cerebral cortex.

A

thalamus

63
Q

in descending tracts, upper motor neurons travel from the __ of the cerebrum through the brain stem then descend through the white matter columns of the spinal cord.

A

motor cortex

64
Q

in descending tracts the upper motor neuron will synapse with a lower motor neuron in the ___in the spinal cord.

A

anterior horn of the gray matter

65
Q

___ is damage to the ventral root or horn and prevents nerve impulses from reaching skeletal muscles.

A

Flaccid paralysis

66
Q

___ is damage to the upper motor neurons or primary motor cortex

A

Spastic paralysis

67
Q

what is paresthesias

A

loss of sensation

68
Q

Paraplegia occurs between __ both lower limbs are affected.

A

T1 and L1

69
Q

__ occurs at the cervical region and all limbs are affected.

A

Quadriplegia

70
Q

__is the paralysis of one side of the body, usually due to brain injury and not injury of spinal cord.

A

Hemiplegia

71
Q

__results from destruction of anterior horn motor neurons by poliovirus.

A

Poliomyelitis

72
Q

___ is progressive destruction of ventral horn motor neurons and fibers of pyramidal tracts.

A

Lou Gherig’s disease aka Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or (ALS)

73
Q

what disease do these symptoms signify: The loss of the ability to speak, swallow, and breathe occurs and death usually occurs within 5 years.

A

ALS or Lou Gherig’s

74
Q

A___ is a cordlike organ consisting of parallel bundles of peripheral axons enclosed by successive wrappings of connective tissue.

A

nerve

75
Q

___ is the sheet of loose connective tissue and the basal lamina which surrounds the axon and also wraps around the schwann cells.

A

Endoneurium

76
Q

___are bundles of axons wrapped in perineurium

A

Fascicles

77
Q

___ is a thicker connective tissue layer which surrounds fascicles

A

Perineurium

78
Q

The___ is the fibrous sheet that encloses all fascicles to form a nerve and protects the nerve from stretching and injury.

A

epineurium

79
Q

__-are clusters of cell bodies in the PNS and are enveloped in endoneurium.

A

Ganglion

80
Q

Anterior and posterior roots contain__rootlets

A

6-8

81
Q

__-are short and immediately divide into the posterior ramus which innervates muscles and joints of skin and back and the anterior ramus which innervates the anterior and lateral skin and muscles of the trunk and limbs.

A

Spinal nerves,

82
Q

From __ the anterior rami form communicating rami and the sympathetic chain ganglion.

A

T1-L2

83
Q

The 5 plexuses include

A

cervical, brachial, lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal.

84
Q

The cervical plexus receives fibers from anterior rami of

A

C1-C5

85
Q

__- are mixed nerves which innervate the diaphragm, pleura, and the pericardium. They are essential for breathing

A

The phrenic nerves

86
Q

__consists of the ventral rami of C5-C8 and most of T1

A

The brachial plexus

87
Q

The lumbar plexus is located at the anterior rami of__they are the major branches that innervate the anterior and medial thigh.

A

L1-L4

88
Q

The ___ nerve innervates the skin of the thigh, knee, leg, and foot. It also innervates muscles associated with hip flexion and knee extension.

A

femoral

89
Q

The sacral plexus is located at the anterior rami of __

A

L4-L5 and S1-S4.

90
Q

The __nerve is the longest and thickest nerve in the body. It is a mixed nerve, a combination of the tibial and common fibular nerves.

A

sciatic

TCU A+P (12 decks)

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