PR2..... Flashcards
are recorded materials which are evidence-based and collected from systematic observations for analysis.
Research data
is processed data which forms meaningful context making it useful for research.
Information
are based on firsthand observations and experiences.
primary data
are interpreted data based on primary sourced data.
secondary data
contain records and documentation during the data gathering process.
Journal and diary entries
are based on evaluating projects that depict rates of responses among a sample or population. For example, a business researcher may use evaluative records in a month for analysis.
Evaluative records
are seen in experimental research in varying fields. Some artifacts vary from coins to tools while specimens and laboratory samples may be animals and plants
Artifacts, specimens, and
laboratory samples
are data found in scientific journal articles based on experimental research results. These may contain different processes used by researchers to come up with valid results
Framework and methodologies
allow researchers to gather collective information regarding certain topics or phenomena, which may be summarized for interpretation and analysis
Survey forms and polls
is data gathered by an official body of the government that provides information on a large scale of samples within a community, province, region or country.
Official statistics
refers to any information accessed through the Internet, which may be used to support the research work.
Web information
provide existing information about certain issues or phenomenon which may have happened in the past that supports the current research.
Articles from journals, news articles, and published research
According to …., typical quantitative data collection practices include administering quantitative surveys, quantitative observations, and various types of experiments.
Walliman (2011)
Quantitative Survey Advantages
● Convenient for large populations and geographical areas
● Generalizable results
● Anonymity of responses
● Objectivity
● Cost-efficient
Quantitative Survey Disadvantages
● Limited due to predetermined
choices
● Difficult to control responses
● Restriction in summary and
analysis
● Difficulty in monitoring of responses
Gathers data through personal interaction between the researcher and the respondent using structured interview questions
Face-to-Face Interviews
Makes use of questionnaires that contain closed-ended questions with given answers for the respondents to choose from
Quantitative Survey
Face-to-Face Interviews Advantages
● Open communication
● Prompt replies during
clarifications
Face-to-Face Interviews Disadvantages
● Unsuitable for large population
● Can be expensive
● Time-consuming
Done through the use of telephone or existing online calling platforms.
Telephone calls
Collects data using online platforms that consist of audio and/or video capabilities.
Web-based interviews
- Involves following a structured procedure in observation to acquire reliable information for analysis.
- It involves the standardization of observed elements, which are put into numerical contexts making them measurable and quantifiable in nature.
Quantitative Observation
Involves manipulation of variables that test hypotheses under conditions which may be controlled or not. It takes the form of laboratory or field experiments.
Experiments
follow a scientific approach in terms of design and execution. The researcher has strict control over the research variables being experimented on.
Laboratory experiments
