PR2.....

Question 1

are recorded materials which are evidence-based and collected from systematic observations for analysis.

Answer 1

Research data

Question 2

is processed data which forms meaningful context making it useful for research.

Answer 2

Information

Question 3

are based on firsthand observations and experiences.

Answer 3

primary data

Question 4

are interpreted data based on primary sourced data.

Answer 4

secondary data

Question 5

contain records and documentation during the data gathering process.

Answer 5

Journal and diary entries

Question 6

are based on evaluating projects that depict rates of responses among a sample or population. For example, a business researcher may use evaluative records in a month for analysis.

Answer 6

Evaluative records

Question 7

are seen in experimental research in varying fields. Some artifacts vary from coins to tools while specimens and laboratory samples may be animals and plants

Answer 7

Artifacts, specimens, and
laboratory samples

Question 8

are data found in scientific journal articles based on experimental research results. These may contain different processes used by researchers to come up with valid results

Answer 8

Framework and methodologies

Question 9

allow researchers to gather collective information regarding certain topics or phenomena, which may be summarized for interpretation and analysis

Answer 9

Survey forms and polls

Question 10

is data gathered by an official body of the government that provides information on a large scale of samples within a community, province, region or country.

Answer 10

Official statistics

Question 11

refers to any information accessed through the Internet, which may be used to support the research work.

Answer 11

Web information

Question 12

provide existing information about certain issues or phenomenon which may have happened in the past that supports the current research.

Answer 12

Articles from journals, news articles, and published research

Question 13

According to …., typical quantitative data collection practices include administering quantitative surveys, quantitative observations, and various types of experiments.

Answer 13

Walliman (2011)

Question 14

Quantitative Survey Advantages

Answer 14

● Convenient for large populations and geographical areas
● Generalizable results
● Anonymity of responses
● Objectivity
● Cost-efficient

Question 15

Quantitative Survey Disadvantages

Answer 15

● Limited due to predetermined
choices
● Difficult to control responses
● Restriction in summary and
analysis
● Difficulty in monitoring of responses

Question 16

Gathers data through personal interaction between the researcher and the respondent using structured interview questions

Answer 16

Face-to-Face Interviews

Question 17

Makes use of questionnaires that contain closed-ended questions with given answers for the respondents to choose from

Answer 17

Quantitative Survey

Question 18

Face-to-Face Interviews Advantages

Answer 18

● Open communication
● Prompt replies during
clarifications

Question 19

Face-to-Face Interviews Disadvantages

Answer 19

● Unsuitable for large population
● Can be expensive
● Time-consuming

Question 20

Done through the use of telephone or existing online calling platforms.

Answer 20

Telephone calls

Question 21

Collects data using online platforms that consist of audio and/or video capabilities.

Answer 21

Web-based interviews

Question 22

• Involves following a structured procedure in observation to acquire reliable information for analysis.
• It involves the standardization of observed elements, which are put into numerical contexts making them measurable and quantifiable in nature.

Answer 22

Quantitative Observation

Question 23

Involves manipulation of variables that test hypotheses under conditions which may be controlled or not. It takes the form of laboratory or field experiments.

Answer 23

Experiments

Question 24

follow a scientific approach in terms of design and execution. The researcher has strict control over the research variables being experimented on.

Answer 24

Laboratory experiments

Question 25

take place in the natural environment. The researcher cannot manipulate variables and can only observe cause and effect relationships in natural settings

Answer 25

Field experiments

Question 26

Guidelines in Choosing a Data Collection Method

Answer 26

• Analyze the nature of your
  research and your variables.
• Assess availability of material
  resources.
• Prepare a timeline of activities