BIO.. Flashcards
an organism that can produce its own food
Autotrophs
Autotrophs is also called as
producers (plants, algae,
cyanobacteria – no chloroplast, only thylakoid
which is not enclosed in a membrane)
an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients
Heterotrophs
Heterotrophs are also called
consumers (humans, animals,
bacteria, fungi)
A metabolic process wherein light energy (sunlight) is transformed into chemical energy
Photosynthesis
- is a double-membraned (to be sturdier) organelles found in plants and algae
- serves as site for photosynthesis.
- It contains their own DNA to know how to photosynthesize.
Chloroplast
Chloroplast contains what pigment
chlorophyll
Where is chloroplast found
Found in green tissues of plants.
Structure of chloroplast
- Outer Membrane
- Inner Membrane
- Thylakoid
- Granum/Grana
- Stroma
- Lumen
Freely permeable to small molecules.
Outer Membrane
Highly selective; contains channel and carrier proteins.
Inner Membrane
The fluid-filled internal space which contains DNA, enzymes, and other materials inside the chloroplast.
Stroma
Membrane-bound flattened disks; the site of light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
thylakoid
stacks of thylakoids
Granum/Grana
They are substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective absorption.
Pigments
Pigments are also known as
Biochromes
photosynthetic pigment that produce blue-green color. (Additional facts: The absorbed colors are the ones you don’t see – you see only the colors that come bouncing back to your eyes.)
Chlorophyll a
This gives yellowish green color.
Chlorophyll b
Responsible for colors red, purple, and blue in fruits and vegetables.
Anthocyanin
no help in photosynthesis but their bright color attracts
pollinators
Anthocyanin
This pigment produces bright yellow, red, and orange colors in plants, fruits, and vegetables. Ex. Carrots, oranges, Pumpkins, papaya
Carotenoid
Major Pigments
- Chlorophyll a
- Carotenoid
Two Stages of Photosynthesis
- Light-dependent
- Dark-dependent/ Calvin Cycle/ Light-Independent
The sunlight/light source is converted to chemical energy during these reactions.
Light-dependent Reaction
Light-dependent Reaction happens in
thylakoid membrane
packet of light.
photon
- group of pigments and proteins found in thylakoid membrane.
- has more chlorophyll a than b.
- goes first before photosystem I
PHOTOSYSTEM II
- group of pigments and proteins found in thylakoid
membrane. - has more chlorophyll b than a
- found first so it is named Photosystem ….
PHOTOSYSTEM I
the splitting of a chemical compound by means of light energy or photons (ex. H20)
PHOTOLYSIS
a series of protein complexes found in the thylakoid membrane.
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
occurs when the concentration of particles is higher in one area than another.
CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
movement of ions from higher to lower concentration
CHEMIOSMOSIS
an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP
from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
ATP SYNTHASE
electron carrier, accepting electrons and hydrogen
atoms to form NADPH.
NADP (Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
STAGES OF THE LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION
Stage 1: Excitation of Photosystems and Photolysis of Water
Stage 2: Generation of ATP by Electron Transport Chain
Stage 3: Formation of NADPH
IMPORTANCE OF LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTION
- Production of oxygen for animals and humans (Note: Phytoplankton are the major contributors of oxygen; they are microscopic algae that can perform photosynthesis)
- Production of ATP for plants
- Production of materials needed for Calvin cycle (ATP and NADPH).
