PR2... Flashcards
can be defined as a tool such as a questionnaire or a survey that measures specific items to gather quantitative data.
instrument
Example of Instruments
- Demographic Forms
- Performance Measures
- Attitudinal Measures
- Behavioral Observation Checklist
- Factual Information Documents
are used to collect basic information such as age, gender, ethnicity, and annual income.
Demographic Forms
are used to assess or rate an individual’s ability such as achievement, intelligence, aptitude, or interests.
Performance Measures
are instruments used to measure an individual’s attitudes and opinions about a subject
Attitudinal Measures
used to record individuals’ behaviors and are mostly used when researchers want to measure an individual’s actual behavior.
Behavioral Observation Checklist
accessed to tell information about the participants’ documents, such as available public records.
Factual Information Documents
How to Construct Research Instruments
- State your research objectives.
- Ask questions about your objectives.
- Gather the required information.
- Formulate questions.
Quality of an Instrument
- reliability
- validity
the stability and consistency of an instrument under different circumstances or points in time.
reliability
capacity to measure what it is supposed to measure.
validity
Types of Reliability
- Internal Consistency
- Stability Over Time
- Alternate Forms
- split-half reliability
- odd-even reliability
- Cronbach’s Coefficient
Alpha
Internal Consistency
may be obtained using computer softwares like statistical analysis softwares or spreadsheets.
Cronbach’s Coefficient
Alpha
test-retest reliability
Stability Over Time
also called as parallel forms
Alternate Forms
Types of Validity
- Face Validity
- Content Validity
- Criterion Validity
- Construct Validity
extent to which an instrument appears to measure what it is supposed to measure
Face Validity
- ability of the test items to include important characteristics of the concept intended to be measured
- examines whether a specific instrument relates to other measures
Content Validity
- tells whether a certain research instrument can give the same result as other similar instruments
- concurrent and predictive validity
Criterion Validity
convergent and discriminant validity
Construct Validity
TRUE or FALSE: A valid test is always reliable but a reliable test is not always valid.
TRUE
