PQ10 Flashcards
What is the cause of urine urolithiasis?
Hyperuricosuria
PSS shunt
Chronic liver disease
All 3
Hyperuricosuria; PSS; Chronic liver disease
All 3
You can diagnose pyelonephritis by… which answer is wrong?
Hemoculture is case of azotaemia
The histological examination of a renal biopsy
specimen
Visualizing pelvis dilation with imaging methods
and performing urine cultures
The microbiological examination of a renal pelvis
puncture
Hemoculture is case of azotaemia
Persistent perineal proteinuria…
Is a typical characteristic of urinary tract
infections
Occurs after heavy physical activity
Bence-jones proteins are typical examples for it
Is a typical characteristic of leptospirosis
Bence-jones proteins are typical examples for it
The second most common lower urinary tract disease of dogs?
Prostate diseases
Sterile cystitis
Urolithiasis
Bacterial cystitis
Urolithiasis
CKD treatment includes which answer is false?
Renal diet, phosphate binders
ACE-inhibitors, antihypertensive drugs
Erythropoietin inj., potassium supplementation
Diuretics per os
Diuretics PO
Which statement is false? In case of subclinical bacteriuria…
Usually, a predisposing factor for UTI is present;
The urine sediment can be active;
Microbiological examination of urine is positive
AB therapy (amoxicillin) will be prescribed
AB therapy (amoxicillin) will be prescribed
Which mean urination not at the proper place?
Stranguria
Pollakiuria
Dysuria
Periuria
Periuria
What type of proteins are detected with sulfosalicylic acid test?
Albumin and gobulin
Albumin
Globulin
None
Albumin; Globulin
Recommended concomitant with erythropoietin/darbepoetin
A)Subcutaneous infusion, because the side effect
of treatment is often dehydration
B)Gastric protection, because the side effect of
treatment is often ulcer formation
C)Mirtazapine because the SE of treatment is often
anorexia
D)Iron and B12
Iron & B12
Can be accompanied by crystalluria in cats
Idiopathic cystitis
Urolithiasis
Bacterial cystitis
All 3
Idiopathic cystitis; Urolithiasis; Bacterial cystitis
All 3
What is not a contributing factors concerning UTI?
Incontinence
Corticosteroid therapy
FIC
Fanconi syndrome
Incontinence
Not an Indication for dialysis treatment?
Anuric acute kidney injury
Polyuric acute kidney injury unresponsive to fluid
therapy
Chronic renal failure, renal fibrosis
Removal of toxins in case of acute toxicosis
Polyuric acute kidney injury unresponsive to fluid
therapy
When is it recommended to start erythropoietin/darbepoetin therapy in chronic kidney disease?
If cyanosis is already occurring due to hypoxia
When the hematocrit level drops to 18-20%
Only when clinical signs of hypoxia are already
present, not earlier
If the systolic blood pressure is >180mmHg
When the haematocrit level drops to 18-20%
Treatment for pyelonephritis. which answer is wrong?
ACE-inhibitors, omega 3 fatty acids
Puncture and flushing of the renal pelvis
Systemic AB
Fluid therapy
ACE inhibitors, omega 3 fatty acids
Which procedures are not recommended for surgical resolution of prostatic cysts?
Marsupialisation
Omentalisation
Drainage
puncture
puncture
Feline interstitial cystitis (FIC)? Not true?
Antibiotics are useless
Affected cats mostly fed by dry food
Affected cats are mostly outdoor animals
Affected cats are mostly neutered animals
affected cats are mostly outdoor animals
What is true about the progression of CKD?
Hypertension and proteinuria can increase the
hyperfiltration of the nephrons
Renal fibrosis is primarily caused by the excessive
production of parathormoe
The progression of CKD is generally reversible with
specific therapy
The loss of functional nephrons leads to an increase
in the glomerular filtration rate
Hypertension and proteinuria can increase the hyperfiltration of the nephrons
Ectopic ureters. which answer is wrong?
Are usually causing constant urine dripping
Are occuring only in females
Can be diagnosed by x-ray or CT-exam
Can be diagnosed with cystoscopy
Are occuring only in females
What is the target organ that isnt damaged by hypertension?
Lungs
Brain
Kidneys
Eyes
Lungs
Define polydipsia in SAM
Dog/Cat: drink over 50ml/bwkg/day
Dog water intake over 80-100ml/bwkg/day, cat water
intake over 50mn/bwkg/day
Dog/Cat water intake over 100ml/bwkg/day
Dog water intake over 50ml/bwkg/day, cat water
intake over 100ml/bwkg/day
Dog: Water intake >80-100ml/bwkg/day; Cat: Water intake >50ml/bwkg/day
Symptom of renal tubular acidosis?
Metabolic acidosis
Incontinence
Polyuria, polydipsia
Bone development disorders
Metabolic acidosis
Most likely diagnosis in dogs with haematuria?
Urolithiasis
Benignus prostate gland hypertrophy
Bacterial cystitis
Neoplasma
Bacterial cystitis
High-dose maintenance fluid therapy for acute injury…
● It increases diuresis, thus flushes the kidneys
faster
● May cause interstitial edema in the kidneys,
that decreases GFR and renal blood flow
● Ensures adequate daily fluid intake in
anorexic animals
● In anuria, it ensures that renal function and
urine production are restored quickly
May cause interstitial oedema in the kidneys, that decreases GFR & renal blood flow
Renal proteinuria can be decreased by…
Renal diet
Antihypertensive drugs
ACE-inhibitors
All 3
Renal diet; Antihypertensives; ACE-inhibitors
All 3
This AB is NOT excreted with the urine thus is NOT
a proper treatment for UTI ?
Amoxicillin
Cephalosporins
Rifampicin
Trimetroprim-szulfonamid
Rifampicin
What is most informative for diagnosing ectopic ureters?
Cystoscopy
Double contrast cystography
Intravenous urography pneumocystography
Urinary scintigraphy (TcO4-
Cystoscopy
What is V-Y plasty?
Tension-relieving plastic procedure
What does W-plasty mean?
Scar-correcting plastic procedure
Which statement is correct?
Hyperthyroidism caused by thyroid adenoma is common in cats
Which of the following has got the widest indication area
Reconstructive therapy
What is pathognomic of Cushing’s syndrome?
Calcinosis cutis
3 Most common causes of PU/PD in cats?
CKD; DM; Hyperthyroidism
What may cause hyperglycaemia in the diabetic patient treated with insulin?
Insulin resistance
What is the target blood glucose level in the diabetic patient at max. effect of insulin?
4-9mmol/l
What may cause hypoglycaemia in the diabetic patient treated with insulin?
GC; Progestogen tx; DI; Bitch spay
Which is not a possible consequence of obesity?
Hypokalemia
Addison’s disease in dogs: Diagnosis
Na/K < 27; Cl decrease; ACTH-stim. Test
Causes of insulin resistance
Progesterone; Hypercortisolism; Hypersomatotropism
Which is most effective in feline otitis media?
Ventral bulla osteotomy
Causes of acromegaly
Dog: Progestogen treatment; Pituitary tumour
Clinical features of congenital Hyposomatotropism?
a. Yorkshire terrier, pituitary tumor, liver failure, alopecia
b. German shepherd, pituitary cysts, proportionate dwarfism, alopecia
c. Great Dane, enzyme deficiency, kidney failure
d. Beagle, IGF-1 ↓ decreases, disproportionate dwarfism
German shepherd; Pituitary cysts Proportionate dwarfism; Alopecia
Hypothyroidism in dogs symptoms
Activity decrease; Weight gain; Alopecia; Thick skin; Bradycardia; Decreased fertility
Hyperthyroidism of cats – Therapeutic options
a. Thyroidectomy, 131I IV, methimazole, low iodine diet
b. Parathyroidectomy, 131I IV, methimazole, low iodine diet
c, Thyroidectomy, 99Tc IV, methimazole, low sodium diet
d. Parathyroidectomy, 131I IV, fenbendazole, low iodine diet
Thyroidectomy, 131I IV, methimazole, low iodine diet
Which endocrine disorder is there no PU/PD?
Hyperthyroidism; Alopecia-X
Hyperthyroidism of cats
Thyroid adenoma/hyperplasia; Polyphagia; Weight loss; Myocardial hypertrophy
Diabetes insipidus. Which is correct?
a. Clinical manifestations: PD/PU, hypersthenuria
b. The most effective drug in the central form is desmopressin
c. The ADH production of the kidneys is insufficient in the nephrogenic form
d. Diagnosis: modified water deprivation test, ADH-stimulation test
The most effective drug in the central form is desmopressin
Which factor plays a crucial role in the preoperative determination of surgical
prognosis of adrenalectomy?
Tumorous involvement of the caudal vena cava
Which breed is not predisposed to obesity?
Borzoi
Addison’s disease in dogs causes & pathogenesis
Primary disease is due to autoimmune inflammation of the adrenals
Which statement is true for diabetes insipidus?
Partial/complete ADH deficiency
Which breed is predisposed for Cushing’s syndrome?
Dachshund
Breed predisposition for Addison’s disease
poodle
Hypoadrenocorticism of dogs – clinical manifestations
Dehydration; K increase; Ca decrease; Weakness; Tremor; Shock
Hypothyroidism of dogs
Thyroxine decrease; TSH increase; Free thyroxine decrease; TGAA; ACTH-stim.
Which statement is false following neutering?
appetite
. Which of the following is the classic indication of adrenalectomy?
Unilateral adrenal cortical adenoma caused by peripheral cushin’s disease
Which disease does not cause osmotic diuresis?
Pyometra
Which statement is correct?
Thyroid adenocarcinoma without hormone alteration is common in dogs
Which of the following techniques is the most tension relieving one?
Tubed/stent suture
The most important nutritive vessel of the ventral abdominal skin is
Cranial superficial epigastric artery & vein
Hypoadrenocorticism of dogs – Therapy
Crisis: 0.9% saline & hydrocortisone; Later: Fludrocortisone, DOCP, prednisolone,
salt
How long does the canine sperm survive inside the uterus?
10-12 days
How many oestrus occurs during one cycle?
1
Oestrogen effect in the male dog - True
It can be caused by testicular Sertoli cell tumour, testicular Leydig cell tumour or
testicular seminoma
Oestrogen effect in the male dog – FALSE
The hormonal effect reduces the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Autoimmune orchitis – TRUE
It can develop because of blood-testicular barrier injury or autoimmune processes; It
can be treated with corticosteroids
Autoimmune orchitis – FALSE
It leads to total infertility
In which cycle phase is it typical: In the vaginal smear, the rate of cornified cells is
higher than 80-90%
oestrous
When do secondary morphological abnormalities develop
None” (Not during spermatogenesis nor in the ripening process)
What does the term “azoospermia” mean?
Lack of spermatozoa in the sperm
What is the shape of a healthy testicle?
Oval with a smooth surface
Which statements are true?
Adenocarcinoma and transient cell carcinoma are the most common forms of prostate
cancer in dogs; Castration reduces the size of the non-neoplastic prostate but dies not
affect the progression of neoplastic processes; Prostate carcinoma in a dog is not an
androgen-dependent tumour
Which statement is false?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia predisposes to malignant prostate tumour
What type of contamination can/do we expect if the sperm is green coloured?
Purulent exudate
In which cycle is it typical? : Small vulva, pink, flat mucosa?
Anoestrous
Which word describes the healthy motion of sperm cells?
Straight
Which factors are involved in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Testosterone levels decrease with age; Increasing oestrogen:testosterone ratio;
Increased 5-alpha-reductase activity in prostate cells
Which factors aren’t involved in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia?
Testosterone levels increase with age
In which cycle phase does the bitch slow receptivity?
oestrous
Which test method cannot be used to examine the prostate?
Inspection
What is typical of epididymitis caused by Brucella canis?
Pathogen can be excreted with the ejaculator for up to 2 years; Bacteriaemia can last
intermittently for up to 64 months (5 years); It is zoonotic
What is not typical of epididymitis caused by Brucella canis?
The pathogen is not present in Europe
What causes pseudoherphrodrodism?
Androgen effect in the early stages of individual development
Mark the correct statement regarding vaginitis
The pathogens that cause vaginitis are most often the constituents of the normal vaginal
flora
Vestibulovaginal stenosis – TRUE
Its formation is characteristic of the area of junction of the Wolffian tube and the
urogenital sinus; This may be formed by an incomplete perforation of the hymen or a
vertical septum; Its formation is characteristic of the area of connection between the
Müllerian tube and the urogenital sinus
Vestibulovaginal stenosis – FALSE
Mild stenosis is still physiological
Where are the following anatomical structures located in the vagina? Ostium urethrae
externum & fossa clitoris
On the ventral wall of the vagina
At what temperature do we store chilled semen?
5 degrees
At what temperature do we store frozen semen?
-196
What is the meaning of “preovulatory luteinisation”?
An increase in plasma progesterone level prior to the LH peak can be observed
Which factors affect the amount of sperm
The size of the dog; Frequency of sperm collection
What is the progesterone value during anoestrous?
< 1ng/ml
Optimally, what is the minimum quantity of spermatozoa in the sperm (in millions)?
300
In which cycle phase is it typical: Slight swollen vulva, the vaginal mucosa is whitish
“dry” and wrinkled
Oestrus
Which of these statements indicates testicular tumour?
Bilateral symmetrical alopecia; Atrophy of the contralateral testicle; Concurrent benign
prostatic hyperplasia
Which of these statements doesn’t indicate testicular tumour?
Changes in the dog’s bark or voice
In which cycle phase is it typical: Small vulva, red vaginal mucosa, rosette-like
appearance
Dioestrous
In which cycle phase can we measure the highest levels of progesterone in case of a
healthy cycle?
Dioestrous
How many fractions does the ejaculation have in dogs?
3
