PQ 1 Flashcards
What is not a mark?
Tattoo
What is not part of the Nationale?
History
What are the principles of Marek’s sound percussion (MC)?
Crackling sound of the hammer & plessimeter; Sound of thoracic wall or wall of any
organ; Resonant sound of gas-containing tissue or other organs
What are the characteristics of pulse pressure?
Difference between systolic & diastolic blood pressure; Determined by HR, stroke
volume & peripheral resistance
What are the indications of ECG?
- Irregular heartbeats noted during physical exam;
- Bradycardia; Tachycardia;
- Evaluation of cardiac arrhythmias;
- Detection of enlarged cardiac chambers;
- Show cardiac disturbances of electrolytes & systemic diseases; Aid cardiac disease diagnosis;
- Monitor anaesthesia;
- Evaluate effectiveness of cardiac drugs
What is the dental formula in the dog?
Top: 3-1-4-2; Bottom: 3-1-4-3
What is the dental formula in the cat?
Top: 3-1-3-1; Bottom 3-1-2-1
What are the indications in the oesophagus for a GI endoscopy?
- Dysphagia;
- Regurgitation;
- Foreign body;
- Oesophageal stricture;
- Megaoesophagus;
- Oesophagitis;
- Patent ductus arteriosus;
- Hiatal hernia;
- Worms
What are the indications in the stomach for a GI endoscopy?
- Dysphagia;
- Regurgitation;
- Chronic vomiting;
- Foreign body;
- Haematemesis;
- Melena;
- Gastritis;
- Ulcers;
- Neoplasia;
- Pyloric obstruction;
- Gastric mobility disorder
What are the indications in the duodenum for a GI endoscopy?
- Chronic vomiting;
- Haematemesis;
- Melena;
- Chronic diarrhoea;
- Inflammatory bowel disease;
- Lymphangiectasia
What are the indications in the colon for a GI endoscopy?
- Tenesmus;
- Haematochezia;
- Dyschezia (constipation);
- Rectal masses;
- Faecal mucus;
- Lymphoma;
- Adenocarcinoma;
- Caecal inversion;
- Colitis
What is not an indication for a GI endoscope?
Ascites
In dogs, RSHF can lead to
- Ascites;
- Pleural fluid accumulation;
- Distended jugular;
- Dyspnoea;
- Subcutaneous fluid
What sound do you hear in case of pulmonary oedema?
Non-musical rhonchi (crepitation & crackling)
What types of stones can be seen with an ultrasound?
A) only inorganic
B) only the organic
C) struvite and oxalate
D) All
Inorganic, Organic, Struvite & oxalate (all stone types)
What is nystagmus?
Involuntary movement of the eyeball
What is Horner’s syndrome?
Sympathetic denervation of the orbit
What are the characteristics of Horner’s syndrome?
Myosis; Ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid); Enophthalmos; Prolapse of the third
eyelid; Reduced sweating
What can cause Horner’s syndrome?
Polyps
How any hours must you leave after eating to avoid post-prandial lipaemia?
A) 6
B) 12
C) 24
D) none
12 hours
Which statement is not true?
History is part of the general impression
Which is true about ataxia?
Incordination
Muscle weakness
Vestibular malfunction
Incoordination
What is true about precordial thrill (fremitus)?
Pathological. Grade 5 murmur (very loud murmur with pre-cordial thrill)
When is fremitus heard?
Dry pleurisy; Bronchitis; Fibrinous bronchitis; Stenotic cardiac valves; Valve
insufficiency
Which organs can be palpated in the cat’s abdomen?(MC)
- Both kidneys
- urinary bladder
- small intestine
- colon
- liver
- ovaries
- lymph nodes
Both kidneys; Urinary bladder; Small intestine; Colon; Liver; Ovaries (when enlarged);
Lymph nodes (when enlarged)
What is not a kidney evaluation parameter?
Creatinine kinase
Checking the bone marrow, what is not performed?
- X-ray
- CT, MRI
- Biopsy
- Scintigraphy
- cytology
- ALKP
- CBC
- US
X-ray; Scintigraphy; ALKP (to check for osteolysis); US
Indications for skin biopsy
Hereditary/congenital skin diseases; Auto-immune skin diseases; Neoplasia
Where can the heart be palpated?
Over the edge of the sternum; Left side: ICS 3-6; Right side: ICS 3-5
What is true about the kidney?
Acute nephritis → Enlarged & painful; Chronic nephritis → Smaller
What ancillary methods can be used to test muscles?
EMG; Biopsy; CK; LDH (lactate dehydrogenase); AST; ALT; US; MRI; Urinalysis
Name some anticoagulants?
Heparin; EDTA; Citrate
Which are “connected” skin lesions?
Vessicle and bulla
What can be heard in the upper region in the case of hydrothorax?
Splashing sound; Louder sound; Forced loud breathing; Increased dullness
(percussion); Bronchial sounds above and zero sounds below the fluid
How to examine the spleen?
Palpation; Percussion. Lab. D: CBC; US; Radiography; FNA → cytology; Biopsy
What is a vesicle?
Circumscribed elevation filled with fluid, often viral/auto-immune origin; Skin lesion <
1 cm & filled with clear fluid
What is not true?
Narrowing of the upper airway occurs mostly in held expiration
. Signs of UMN disease
Hyperactive reflexes; Increased tone (Ø Atrophy or fasciculations)
What is the most important way to examine urinary tract?
Ultrasound; Radiology; Urinalysis; Culture; Imaging; Uroscopy