PQ 3 Flashcards
Atropine is used for treatment? pick the false answer?
Bradycardia caused by opioids;
Reflex-bradycardia caused by alpha 2-agonists (high BP);
AV-blocks & SA-blocks
Increased gland secretion and bronchospasm
Increased gland secretion and bronchospasm
ACP effects. Pick the false answer?
Calming;
Vasodilator;
Analgesic
Depression of thermoregulation;
analgesic
Diazepam & Midazolam. Pick the false answer?
For old animals with poor general circulation;
Can be antagonized by atipamezole
Decreases anxiety; Relaxes muscles;
High dose can caused respiratory depression
Can be antagonized by apitamezole
alpha 2-agonists. pick the false answer?
- Alphaxalone and alphadolone
- Detomidine;
- Medetomidine and Dexmedetomidine;
- Xylazine
alphaxalone and alphadolone
Medetomidine & xylazine. Pick the false answer?
A) Using a general dose - phases of sedation, induction & maintenance cannot be separated;
B) Not recommended for old, cardiac & diabetic patients;
C) Cause circulatory & respiratory depression
D) Can be antagonized by flumazenil
Can be antagonized by flumazenil
Opioid drugs. Pick the false answer?
A) Morphine and fentanyl
B) Buprenorphine
C) Tramadol and thiopental
D)Naloxone
tramadol and thiopental
. Opioid receptors
μ (Mu);
K (Kappa);
O (Omicron)
δ (Delta)
O omicron
Fentanyl. Pick the false answer?
Full agonist opioid drug;
15–30-minute duration of effect;
May be redosed
Do not combine with propofol
do not combine with propofol
Morphine? Pick the false answer?
Full agonist opioid drug;
4-6 hours duration of effect;
Use high dose IV in mastocytoma patients;
May be redosed
may be redosed
Full opioid agonists?
Morphine
Buprenorphine
Butorphanol
Tramadol
Morphine
Short duration of action
A) Morphine
B) Buprenorphine
C) fentanyl
D) Fentanyl patch
Fentanyl
Partial μ-agonist?
A) Morphine
B) Buprenorphine
C) Butorphanol
D) Fentanyl
Buprenorphine
Partial μ-antagonist & k-agonist
A) morphine
B) Buprenorphine
C) Butorphanol
D) fentanyl
Butorphanol
Weak μ-agonist?
A) Morphine
B) Buprenorphine
C) Butorphanol
D) Tramadol
Tramadol
Propofol. Pick the false answer?
Can be used in almost all patient groups;
Hypnotic, Muscle relaxant and analgesic
Short duration of action; Can be redosed;
High dose and rapid application lead to respiratory depression
Hypnotic, Muscle relaxant and analgesic
Application of propofol. Pick the false answer?
Slowly;
IV;
Only in combination with muscle relaxants
To effect
Only in combination with muscle relaxants
Ketamine?Pick the false answer?
Moderate analgesic effect;
Benzodiazepines may help avoid catalepsy (muscle rigidity);
Recommended for neurological and glaucoma patients
Eyes remain open, therefore the cornea may desiccate
Recommended for neurological and glaucoma patients
Safe inhalant anaesthetics? Pick the false answer?
Isoflurane;
Sevoflurane;
Desflurane
Ether
ether
Inhalant anaesthetics. Pick the false answer?
1 MAC causes muscle relaxation in 50% of cases;
2 MAC causes muscle relation in 100% of cases;
Short induction and recovery;
Hypnotic; Muscle relaxant; strong analgesic effect
Hypnotic; Muscle relaxant; strong analgesic
effect
Local anaesthetic. Pick the false answer?
Blocks nerve cells;
surgery in small animals is safe using only local anaesthetics
Local anaesthetic Types - Terminal, conductive, paravertebral, epidural & spinal;
Possible side effects – Cardiovascular & CNS signs, cell toxicity
Surgery in small animals is safe using only local anaesthetics
Pancuronium; Atracurium; Vecuronium; Rocuronium. Pick the false answer?
Central muscle relaxants;
Peripheral non depolarising muscle relaxants
Peripheral depolarising muscle relaxants;
Local anaesthetics
Peripheral non-depolarising muscle relaxants
Pain. Pick the false answer?
Complex, multidimensional negative experience;
There is No linear correlation between degree
of pathological changes and intensity of pain;
Simultaneous nociceptive effects add up;
Pain experience is not influenced by fear and stress
Pain experience is not influenced by fear and stress
Pathological pain. Pick the false answer?
A. Hyperalgesia: mild noxious stimuli result in intense pain sensation
B. Allodynia: tactile (non-painful) stimuli result in pain sensation
C. Pain impulse may be inhibited by pain-killers
D. Never combine pain-killers
Never combine pain killers
Ascending pathway of nociception?
A. Transmission, transduction, modulation, projection and perception
B. Transduction, transmission, modulation, projection and perception
C. Transduction, modulation, transmission, projection and perception
D. Modulation, transduction, transmission, projection and perception
Transduction → Transmission → Modulation → Projection → Perception
Modern concepts of pain management
A. Young animals do not need analgesics
B. Preemptive (prophylactic) analgesia
C. Multimodal (multiple approach) analgesia
D. No gap should appear
Young animals do not need analgesics
Intraoperative analgesic effect. pick the false answer?
Ketamine CRI; Lidocaine
fentanyl CRI
; Local anaesthetic + opioids
Inhalants alone
Inhalants alone
Purpose of anaesthesia machines. Pick the false answer?
A. Administer appropriate flow of oxygen
B. Administer appropriate concentration of inhalants
C. Administer constant rate infusions
D. Elimination of exhaled CO2
C) administer constant rate infusions
Mixing part of the anaesthesia machine. Pick the false answer?
A. Gas source
B. Flowmeter
C. Vaporizer
D. One-way valves
one way valves
Breathing circuit of the anaesthesia machine. Pick the false answer?
A. „Y”-piece
B. Reservoir bag
C. Oxygen bypass button
D. CO2 absorbent canister
Oxygen bypass button
Oxygen-bypass. Pick the false answer?
A. Emergency option
B. Concentration of inhalational anesthetic in the circuit can be quickly reduced
C. Pure O2 can directly enter the circuit
D. The bypass rate is controlled by the flowmeter
D) the bypass rate is controlled by the flowmeter
Optimal breathing tubes are. Pick the false answer?
A. Ribbed
B. Short
C. Wide
D. Blue
Blue
Optimal size of the reservoir bag are
A. The respiratory volume
B. 2 times the respiratory volume
C. 5 times the respiratory volume
D. 10 time the respiratory volume
5 times the respiratory volume
The absorbent canister is part of the…
A. Open system
B. Semi-open system
C. Semi-open and semi-closed systems
D. Semi-closed and closed systems
D)Semi - closed and closed systems
CO2 absorption. Pick the false answer?
A. The absorbent canister contains absorbing soda
B. The absorbing soda granules have rough surface
C. The absorbing soda granules consist of Mg-hydroxide
D. Exhaustion of the soda is indicated by discoloration
The absorbing soda granules consist of Mg- hydroxide
The pop-off valve (adjustable pressure limiting valve)…Pick the false answer?
A. Prevents excessive pressure in the circuit and lungs
B. Is open during spontaneous breathing
C. Is set to 20 cmH2O during manual or mechanical ventilation
D. Is set to 40 cmH2O in case of compromised lung
Is set to 40 cmH20 in case of compromised lung
Advantages of semi-open narcosis systems. Pick the false answer?
A. Low resistance
B. Small mechanical dead space
C. Anesthetic concentration can be quickly modified
D. Large anesthetic consumption
Large anesthetic consumption
Advantages of closed narcosis systems. Pick the false answer?
A. Low source gas consumption
B. Low inhalational anesthetic consumption
C. Cheap
D. Easily controllable depth of anesthesia
easily controllable depth of anesthesia
Narcosis system types. Pick the false answer?
Narcosis systems. Pick the false answer
A. Open circuit
B. Semi-open system
C. Semi-closed circuit
D. Closed circuit
open circuit
Indications for mechanical ventilation. Pick the false answer?
A. Open thorax
B. Neuromuscular blockade
C. Hypoventilation caused by severe hypothermia
D. Decreased etCO2 level
Decreased etCO2 level
(says it causes hypercapnia!)