Poultry Images Flashcards
- Penguin stance, sharp line around keel bone, sunken in, concave, around the breast, underweight
- Loose crop due to - firm = impaction, stasis, candidiasis (sour crop)
- (Distended crop, seen in broilers, overfed)
- Thickened intestines w/ tumours in coelom -> SOL -> 2y D+
- Wet litter - poor environmental ventilation -> enteritis
- Intestinal + caecal diarrhoea
- Normal faeces
- Orange faeces = inflam reaction in intestine
- Blood, haematochezia, melaena in faeces
- Enteric/caecal content in faeces = fermentation
- Wheat - whole seeds, poor digestion, rapid transit (fed corn in US)
- Birds adapted for rapid digestion for flight (GIT too heavy - contains food + water)
- Maximise digestion w/ shorter intestine, less material inside - have retroperistalsis + peristalsis
- Trichomonas - Canker (motile protozoa)
- Gizzard ulceration - fibrous yellow layer to protect for grit/stones, if not present -> ulceration
- Adenovirus, Mycotoxins
- Coccidiosis - Eimeria protozoa
- Coccidiosis - Eimeria acervulina
- Transverse
- White bands of oocysts in upper intestine
- Pot precursor to necrotic enteritis
- Coccidiosis - Eimeria maxima
- Thickened middle intestinal walls, mucous/blood-tinged exudates, blood spots on intestinal wall
- Pot precursor to necrotic enteritis
- Coccidiosis - Eimeria tenella
- Quick onset, bleeding into lumen of caeca
- White mucosa
- Caecal cores of clotted blood
- Coccidiosis - Eimeria necatrix
- Ballooning middle intestine
- White open circles of schizonts
- Blood sports on middle intestinal wall, mucous/blood-filled exudate
- Longer-lived flocks - longer lifecycle
- Coccidiosis - Eimeria brunetti
- Mucous, blood spots in vertical bands across rectum
- E. acervulina
- Duodenum
- E. maxima
- +/- Meckel’s diverticulum
- E. tenella
- Caeca
- E. necatrix
- Jejunum + ileum
- Unsporulated coccidia oocyst - shed in
- Coccidiosis - sporozoites released + invade gut cells
- Necrotic enteritis - clostridium perfringens
- Severe necrosis of mucosa
- Histomoniasis (Blackhead)
- Sudden death
- Motile protozoa form earthworm - buries through caecal wall -> bloodstream -> acute liver disease (necrotic lumps)
- Top = liver - necrosis + ulcerations
- Bottom = caecum
- Spironucleosis - motile protozoa -> 2y enteritis
- Heterakis gallinarum - caecal worm
- Transports Histomoniasis
Ascaridia sp. (roundworm)
- Egg bound - salpingitis
- Pus in oviduct/uterus
- Acute = liquid pus
- Chronic = solid pus
- Penguin stance - enlarged coelom
- Peritonitis
- Abdo distension
- Penguin stance
- Histomoniasis - tumours on liver
- Bacterial hepatitis (liver disease)
- H+ in liver
- Colibacillosis
- E. coli
- Generalised septicaemia
- Polyserositis - white around liver
- Visceral gout
- Marek’s disease
- Tumours on liver
- Infectious laryngeal tracheitis
- Severe H+ + sloughing off of trachea
- Die from asphyxiation - blood, mucous + necrotic cells block airqays
- Nodules of Aspergillosis around liver, proventriculus + heart PME
- Synagmus trachea - tracheal Y-shaped gapeworm
- Blocks airway
- Marek’s disease (MDV) - herpes virus
- Paralysis - leg extended + toe curling
- Sciatic n. affected
- Marek’s disease - nodules on gizzard
- Bacterial meningitis
- Enterococcus, E. coli
- Avian encephalomyelitis (AE)
- Epidemic tremors
- Spinal osteomyelitis - inflam of spine -> pressure on SC -> neuro signs
- Enterococcus spp., E. coli, Staph aureus
- Scoliosis - spinal compression-> leg ataxia/paralysis
- Common in brooders
- Normal bursa of Fabricius
- 1). Swollen + shiny bursa of Fabricius
- 2). Haemorrhagic bursa
- Infectious bursal disease (IBD, Gumboro)
- Hisopath of atrophied bursa of Fabricius (IBD)
- Chicken anaemia (CAV) - circovirus
- PCV < 10%
- Immunosuppression - atrophy or thymus + bursa
- Chicken infectious anaemia - blue wing disease - subcut H+ on wingtip
- Redmite -> anaemia
- Anaemia - redmite
- Pruritic feather loss
- Pale combs + wattles
- Redmite -> anaemia
- Red = sucked blood
- Black = male (don’t suck blood)
- Silver = debris waste from mites
- Pseudmonas spp.
- P. aeruginosa
- MacConkey agar gone greeny-yellow
- Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
- Enterococcus spp. (E. faecalis, E. faecium + E. hirae)
- Staphylococcus spp. (S. aureus)
- E.coli
- MacConkey -> pink
- Pasteurella multocida
- From soil
- Lice
- Scaly leg mite
- Redmite
- Northern fowl mite
- Redmite
Lice
- Heterakis gallinarum worm - caecum
- Pasteurella multocida (Fowl cholera)
- Exudate on lungs
- Pin-point haemorrhages
- Erysipelosis
- Septicaemic signs
- Marek’s disease virus - nodular tumours in liver
- Trichomonas (Canker) - in oral cavity
- Tapeworm infestation
- Pododermatitis - cut wounds -> infection
- Lice in nest - lay eggs
(Moulting seen may be due to when not enough access to feed, conserve energy, less energy used to maintain feathers)
Tenosynovitis/purulent arthritis - lame
Superficial dermatitis carcase - reject leg + trim off
R-sided HF ascites carcase- quality parameter, rejected
Chronic heptatitis -> hepatomegaly related to previous cholagionhepatitis/clostrridum perfringens infection
Anaemic carcase
Congested carcase
Emacitated carcases
Subcutaneous celullitis (crispy)
Curled-toe paralysis in chick due to Riboflavin deficiency (Vit B2)
- Abnormal masses of prehypertrophic cartilage occupy entire metaphysis + disrupting blood supply
- No distinct border present between proliferating + hypertrophic cartilage
- Nutritional tibial dyschondroplasia -> limb deformities
Rickets
Tibial dyschondroplasia
- Urate deposits – articular gout
- If starve of water
Normal joint – only see the cartilage pulled out of socket, once dislocate femur
Articular gout – urate deposits, variable levels
Tendon rupture
Angular limb deformities – meant to be straight
Fat around head of femur – normal joint, cartilage only pulled off
Scoliosis
- Right = normal
- Left = Rickets
- Kiel bone – common in laying hens
- Hypovitaminosis D – not enough to metabolise PO4^3
- Hypocalcaemia
- Hypophosphatemia
- Colibacillosis
- E.coli
- Polyserositis
Aspergillus fumigatus - spores in lungs + airsacs
- Aspergillosis
- Severe granulomatous fungal pneumonia
- Firm white-yellow fungal granulomas, diffuse spread throughout lungs
Aspergillosis Dx under microscope, presence of mould
Cellulitis - seen w/ colibacillosis
IBV - wrinkled eggs
IBV - airsacculitis
IBV, trachea - excessive amount of mucus
ILT - broiler chickens coughing bloody exudate + gasping for air (severe disease)
ILT - moderate conjunctivitis in broiler
ILT - mild conjunctivitis, broiler
ILT - severe haemorrhagic tracheitis w/ mucus in broiler
ILT - mild haemorrhagic tracheitis in broiler
Mycoplasma gallisepticum - turkey
Mycoplasma gallisepticum, chicken
Mycoplasma gallisepticum, acute air sacculitis, chicken
Fowl cholera (P. multocida), consolidated lung, in turkey = purulent pneumonia
Fowl cholera (P. multocida), swollen wattles, broiler
Avibacterium paragallinarum (infectious coryza)
Avibacterium paragallinarum (infectious coryza) - blood agar
Avibacterium paragallinarum (infectious coryza), facial swelling, hen
Avibacterium paragallinarum (infectious coryza), hispopathologic findings: greyish, semifluid exudate - may be consolidated, oedema, hyperplasia + erosion of respiratory mucosal + glandular epithelia, infiltration of heterophils, macrophages + mast cells
MDV - peripheral nerve enlargement
MDV - skin involvement, skin leucosis of chicken
MDV - eye involvement (infection), chicken
Histomoniasis (Blackhead) - necrotic liver lesions
Bacteriology
Visceral gout
Articular gout
Histomoniasis - give oregano extract
Does the bird have Canker (Trichomoniasis)?
No, images shows normal oropharynx - no plaques visible
Ivermectin spot-on due to heavy burden
Amoxicillin
Normal
Osteomyelitis
Scoliosis
Angular limb deformity
Tibial dyschondroplasia - uneven cartilaginous ‘plug’ inside tibia, long bones failed to mineralise during growth but the growth plate above is even + narrow
Bacteriology of liver - hepatomegaly evident due to infection/inflam
Ascites
Enterococcus spp.
Intestinal torsion
Adenovirus
Ulcerative colitis
Inactivated vaccination - needle has gone straight through breast muscle + can see its entry point into the coelom through the sternum + into liver -> hepatic bleeding + death
