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AAA VMS4002 > Poultry Common Diseases > Flashcards

Poultry Common Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Chicks (0 - 7 d) - resp

A
  • Colibacillosis
  • Adverse environment
  • Aspergillosis
  • Newcastle disease (ND)
  • Avian influenza (ND)
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2
Q

Young birds (7 - 40 d) - resp

A
  • Colibacillosis
  • Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)
  • Aspergillosis
  • Adverse environment - high humidities + temp -> panting + airsacculitis
  • Newcastle disease (ND)
  • Avian influenza (ND)
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3
Q

Adult birds (layers + breeders) - resp

A
  • Infectious laryngeal tracheitis (ILT)
  • Mycoplasmas (Ms + Mg) - synoviae / gallisepticum
  • Pasteurella multocida
  • Avibacterium paragallinarum (more common in pets)
  • Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)
  • Marek’s disease
  • Trichomonas gallinae
  • Avian metapneumovirus (avian rhinotracheitis - ART)
  • Newcastle disease (ND)
  • Avian influenza (ND)
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4
Q

Other poultry - resp

A
  • Colibaccillosis
  • Mycoplasmas (Ms + Mg)
  • Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT)
  • Synagmus trachea (more common in pets)
  • Trichomonas gallinae
  • Avian metapneumovirus (turkey rhinotracheitis - TRT)
  • Newcastle disease (ND)
  • Avian influenza (ND)
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5
Q

Chicks (0 - 7 d) - cardio

A
  • Pericarditis - E. coli/Enterococcus spp.
  • Ascites - environmental e.g. under ventilation in incubators
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6
Q

Young birds (7 - 40 d) - cardio

A
  • Pericarditis - E. coli/Enterococcus spp.
  • Endocarditis - often enterococcus spp.
  • Acute cardiac episode
  • Ascites
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7
Q

Adult birds (laryers + breeders) - cardio

A
  • Pericarditis
  • Marek’s disease
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8
Q

Other poultry - cardio

A
  • Pericarditis
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9
Q

Chicks (0 - 7 d) - lameness

A
  • Purulent arthritis - E. coli, Staph spp., Enterococcus spp.
  • Articular gout
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10
Q

Young birds (7 - 40 d) - lameness

A
  • Purulent arthritis - E. coli, Staph spp., Enterococcus spp.
  • Articular gout
  • Rickets (hypoCa/HypoP)
  • Limb deformities (angular/rotational)
  • Osteomyelitis (+ proximal femoral)
  • Tibial dyschondroplasia
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11
Q

Adult birds (layers + breeders) - lameness

A
  • Purulent arthritis - E. coli, Staph spp., Enterococcus spp.
  • Articular gout
  • Reovirus (affects tendons)
  • Ruptured gastrocnemius
  • Fx (more common in pet birds)
  • Marek’s disease
  • Mycoplasma synoviae
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12
Q

Other poultry - lameness

A
  • Purulent arthritis - E. coli, Staph spp., Enterococcus spp.
  • Mycoplasma synoviae
  • Fx (more common in pet birds)
  • Rickets - ducks
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13
Q

Chicks (0 - 7 d) - neuro

A
  • Bacterial meningitis (E. coli, Enterococcus spp.)
  • Avian encephalomyelitis virus (AE) - high prevalences
  • Newcastle disease (ND)
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14
Q

Young birds (7 - 40 d) - neuro

A
  • Bacterial meningitis (E. coli, Enterococcus spp.)
  • Spinal osteomyelitis
  • Scoliosis
  • Newcastle disease (ND)
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15
Q

Adult birds (layers + breeders) - neuro

A
  • Marek’s disease
  • Pelvic nerve damage
  • Hypocalcaemia
  • Newcastle disease (ND)
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16
Q

Other poultry - neuro

A
  • Bacterial meningitis (E. coli, Enterococcus spp.)
  • Scoliosis
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17
Q

Chicks (0 - 7 d) - uro

A
  • Dehydration -> visceral gout -> articular gout
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18
Q

Young birds (7 - 40 d) - uro

A
  • Nephritis (underlying viral or bacterial) -> visceral gout -> articular gout
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19
Q

Adult birds (layers + breeders) - uro

A
  • Dehydration + nephritis -> visceral gout -> articular gout
  • Marek’s disease (more common in pet birds)
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20
Q

Other poultry - uro

A
  • Dehydration + nephritis -> visceral gout -> articular gout
  • Coronavirus (gamebirds)
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21
Q

Adult birds (layers + breeder) - repro

A
  • Salpingitis (more common in pet birds)
  • Egg bound (more common in pet birds)
  • Egg shell deformities - Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), HypoCa, HypoP, stress)
  • Reduced egg production - egg drop syndrome, Avian encephalomyelitis (AE), Mycoplasma (Ms, Mg), environmental stress
  • Hydrosalpinx - test for underlying IBV QX strain
  • (Egg) peritonitis
  • Avian influenza (ND)
  • Newcastle disease (ND)
22
Q

Chicks (0 - 7 d) - GI

A
  • Gizzard impaction - check bedding material
  • Non-starters - chicks can survive off their yolk sacs for 3 d, environmental reason
  • Starve outs - chicks have clearly started to feed but then stopped - environmental
23
Q

Young birds (7 - 40 d) - repro

A
  • Coccidiosis - E. acerculina, E. maxima, E. tenella, E. necatrix
  • Enteritis
  • Necrotic enteritis
  • Rotavirus
  • Gizzard ulceration - mechanical, adenovirus, mycotoxins
24
Q

Adult birds (layers + breeders) - repro

A
  • Trichomonas (pets)
  • Crop impaction (pets)
  • Ingluvitis - Candida albicans) (pets)
  • Parasitic gastroenteritis - Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum)
  • Histomoniasis - Blackhead
  • Necrotic enteritis
  • Coccidiosis - E. necatrix
25
Q

Other poultry - GI

A

Ducks + geese don’t have crops
- Trichomonas (pets)
- Crop impaction - turkey
- Ingluvitis - Candida albicans
- Parasitic gastroenteritis
- Spironucleosis - game
- Histomoniasis - Blackhead
- Enteritis
- Rotavirus
- Haemorrhagic enteritis virus - turkeys

26
Q

Chicks (0 - 7 d) - hepatic

A
  • Bacterial hepatitis - 2y to bacterial translocation from gut/yolk sac/resp -> septicaemia
27
Q

Young birds (7 - 40 d) - hepatic

A
  • Bacterial hepatitis - 2y to bacterial translocation from gut/resp -> septicaemia
  • Inclusion body hepatitis
  • Metabolic hypoglycaemia
28
Q

Adult birds (layers + breeders) - hepatic

A
  • Histomoniasis - Blackhead
  • Bacterial hepatitis - Erysipelas, Pasteruellosis
  • Spotty liver syndrome
29
Q

Other poultry - hepatic

A
  • Histomoniasis - Blackhead
  • Bacterial hepatitis - Erysipelas, Pasteurellosis
30
Q

Chicks (0 - 7 d) - generalised/septicaemia/other

A
  • Infection/septicaemia - omphalitis, yolk sac infection, colibaccillosis
31
Q

Young birds (7 - 40 d) - generalised/septicaemia/other

A
  • Infection/septicaemia - colibaccillosis
  • Immunosuppression - infectious bursal disease (IBD)/Gumboro
  • Metabolic hypoglycaemia (sudden death)
32
Q

Adult birds (layers + breeders) - generalised/septicaemia/other

A
  • Infection/septicaemia - E. coli (egg) peritonitis, Erysipelas, Pasteurellosis
  • Redmite
  • Marek’s disease - immunosuppression, tumours + wasting
  • Rodenticide poisoning -> clotting disorders + haemorrhages (pets)
33
Q

Other poultry - generalised/septicaemia/other

A
  • Infection/septicaemia - E. coli septicaemia, erysipelas, pasteurellosis
  • Riemerella - ducks
34
Q

Causes of immunosuppression

A
  • Environmental ammonia
  • Foodborne mycotoxins
  • Suboptimal nutrition
  • Infectious bursal disease (IBD)
  • Chicken infectious anemia (CIA)
  • Marek’s disease (MD)
  • Some reoviruses
  • Enteric parvoviruses
  • Hemorrhagic enteritis virus of turkeys
  • Virulent fowl adenoviruses
  • Newcastle disease can damage lymphoid tissues and macrophages.
  • Avian pneumovirus infections impair the mucociliary functions of the upper respiratory tract and augment deeper bacterial infections
35
Q

Endocrine + metabolic diseases

A
  • Hypocalcaemia
  • Hypoglycaemia / metabolic syndrome
  • Egg bound
  • Calcium tetany
36
Q

Young birds (7 - 40 d) - integument

A
  • Scratches -> cellulitis
37
Q

Adult birds (layers + breeders)

A
  • Feather loss/inappropriate moulting - nutritional, stress, environmental, cannibalism, parasites
  • Lices (pets)
  • Northern fowl mite (pets)
  • Redmite
38
Q

Common bacterial pathogens

A
  • E. coli
  • Enterococcus spp. (E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. hirae)
  • Staphyloccus spp. (S. aureus)
  • Pastuerella multocida
  • Erysipelothrix rhuusiopathiae
  • Pseudomonas spp. (P. aeruginosa) - 2y pathogen
39
Q

Common pathogens free range birds commonly exposed to

A
  • Mycoplasma gallisepticum
  • Mycoplasma synoviae
  • Infectious bronchitis virus
40
Q

Common presentations - diseases in backyard layers

A
  • 1). Respiratory disease - stained feathers above nares, blocked nasal passage (rhinolith), irritation/ scratching/rubbing head
  • Persistent conjunctivitis, periocular oedema
  • Sneezing, snicking, coughing, dyspnoea
  • 2). Gastrointestinal disease - inappetant, lethargic and fluffed up, crop disease (retching or abnormal crop)
  • 3). Ectoparasites
  • 4). Worms
  • 5). Egg related
  • 6). Lameness
  • 7). Mortality
41
Q

Respiratory DDx

A

Bacterial infections
- Mycoplasma gallisepticum (infroaorbital swelling and caseous discharge)
- Avibacterium paragallinarum (infectious coryza) (infraorbital swelling and serous ocular discharge)
- E.coli (not usually associated with infraorbital swelling)
- Pasteurella multocida (not usually associated with infraorbital swelling)
- Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococci sp. (often secondary invaders rather than a primary cause)
- Avian tuberculosis

  • Poor ventilation with excess dust (further questioning)
  • Ammonia blindness (causes corneal ulceration so test with Fluorescein)

Viral infections
- Avian Influenza (not common)
- Avian metapneumovirus (infraorbital swelling not usually a feature, froth in the eye is)
- Avian pox
- Infectious bronchitis, IB, (not usually associated with infraorbital swelling)
- Infectious laryngotracheitis, ILT, (serous discharge or haemorrhagic discharge, not usually associated with infraorbital swelling)

Yeast and fungal infections
- Candida albicans
- Aspergillus fumigatus

Protozoal infections
- Trichomonas gallinae

42
Q

Common abdominal-associated causes of sickness in hens

A
  • Peritonitis - inflammation of peritoneum usually due to E.coli infection
  • Salpingitis (usually associated with poor body condition) - inflammation of the salpinx i.e. pus in the
    oviduct and uterus, starts as fluid pus then solidifies into a solid ball of pus and remains in the
    oviduct, getting bigger and bigger Sometimes birds pass a “lash” egg i.e. a pus ball.
  • Histomoniasis/Blackhead – hepatitis, hepatomegaly & typhlitis with caecal cores
  • Coccidiosis in young birds – haemorrhagic diarrhoea
  • Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome – diarrhoea and hepatomegaly, review diet and appetite, evidence on a blood biochemistry profile.
  • Clostridial diseases – (necrotic) enteritis, heptatitis, ulcerative enteritis causing diarrhoea
  • Marek’s disease
43
Q

Common causes of lameness

A
  • Infectious - purulent arthritis, reovirus tenosynovitis, Marek’s disease virus (affects bone + nerves)
  • Trauma - mating damage (pelvic nerve damage, no inflam), Fx, predator attack (skin m+ muscle trauma)
  • Nutritional - hypocalcaemia (failure to feed layer ration + egg laying) - metabolising bone Ca, ruptured gastrocenmius tendon (marked swelling + thickening of tendon above hock)
44
Q

Causes of sudden death (mortality)

A
  • Egg peritonitis/salpingitis
  • Red mite infestation causing severe anaemia
  • Histomoniasis/Blackhead (protozoa)
  • Pasturella multocida (Fowl Cholera)
  • Erysipelosis
  • Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome
  • Newcastle disease/Avian influenza
45
Q

Most common on farm presentation

A
  • Neuro
46
Q

Most common pet presentation

A
  • Wasting
47
Q

Most common cause of resp disease in backyard birds

A
  • Mycoplasmosis - remain PI for life
  • Presentation - tracheal eales
48
Q

Clinical signs of avian influenza

A
  • Flock signs - signs in birds sharing housing = behaviour
  • Unresponsive, quiet birds, unwell, don’t want to come out and engage as usual. Don’t come for treats as usual.
  • Sitting around,
  • Fluffed up. They may rally temporarily, but will soon tire.
  • Huddling with each other or against coop furniture/equipment like in nests or around drinkers. - Unexpected deaths, with other birds looking unwell.
  • Bird signs typical with notifiable disease:
  • Neurological signs – severe e.g. shaking, twitching, struggling to balance or just falling asleep & head nodding.
  • Twisted heads or necks leaving birds looking up at the sky or sideways.
  • Swollen, bruised appearance to heads. Facial feathers may stick up in swollen areas.
  • Weak, unable to remain standing for long. Look drunk and may struggle to control their wings.
  • Shivering, actually tremors as birds don’t shiver when they are cold
  • Coughing sneezing or gaping, esp. in birds recently wormed for gapeworm
  • Focal facial swelling e.g. around the eyes.
  • Bruising or blood spots of the leg, neck or chest. Check in between the feathers.
  • Signs are species-dependent and can occur - Reduction in laying in combination
  • Lethargy
  • Diarrhoea – dark or excessively watery faeces
  • Bird signs typical with common diseases in hens. Individual birds with these symptoms, in an otherwise well flock are very unlikely to be affected by Highly pathogenic AI.
49
Q

Dietary problems - chicks (0 - 7 d)

A

Articular gout

50
Q

Dietary problems - young birds (7 - 40 d)

A
  • Articular gout
  • Rickets (hypoCa/hypoP)
  • Limb deformities (angular/rotational)
    = 2y to dietary problem
  • Tibial dyschondroplasia
51
Q

Dietary problems - layers + breeders

A

Articular gout

52
Q

Dietary problems - other poultry

A
  • Rickets - ducks

AAA VMS4002 (15 decks)

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