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ANS 432: Poultry Systems and Management > Poultry Breeding and Genetics COPY > Flashcards

Poultry Breeding and Genetics COPY Flashcards

1
Q

What are the breeds in the American class used for?

A

Egg and meat production.

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2
Q

What characteristics are shared among the breeds in the American Class?

A
  1. Yellow skin and shanks.
  2. Clean shanks.
  3. Red earlobes.
  4. Brown-shelled eggs.
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3
Q

How much does the Jersey Giant weigh?

A

10-13 lbs.
*Largest American breed.

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4
Q

What are the 2 varieties of Jersey Giants?

A
  1. Jersey Black Giants.
  2. Jersey White Giants.
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5
Q

What comb style does the Jersey Giant have?

A

Single Comb.

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6
Q

What is the plumage color of the Jersey Black Giant?

A

Black plumage

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7
Q

What is the plumage color of the Jersey White Giant?

A

White plumage.

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8
Q

How many eggs per year does the Jersey Giant lay?

A

260.

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9
Q

What is the origin of the New Hampshire?

A

Developed from the RIR.

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10
Q

How much does the New Hampshire weigh?

A

6.5-8.5 lbs.

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11
Q

How is the plumage of the New Hampshire described?

A

Lighter red in color and less uniform.

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12
Q

What variety of comb does the New Hampshire have?

A

Single comb.

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13
Q

How many eggs per year does the New Hampshire produce?

A

280.

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14
Q

What temperament does the New Hampshire have?

A

Competitive/aggressive.

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15
Q

What is considered to be the oldest and most popular American Breed?

A

The Plymouth Rock.

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16
Q

How much does the Plymouth Rock weigh?

A

7.5-9.5 lbs.

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17
Q

What are the 2 most popular varieties of Plymouth Rock?

A
  1. White.
  2. Barred.
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18
Q

How is the plumage of the white Plymouth Rock described?

A

Solid white.

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19
Q

How is the plumage of the Barred Plymouth Rock described?

A

Black and white speckled.

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20
Q

What type of comb does the Plymouth Rock have?

A

Single.

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21
Q

How many eggs per year does the Plymouth Rock lay?

A

280.

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22
Q

What kind of temperament does the Plymouth Rock have?

A

Calm.

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23
Q

What 2 classes were developed from the Asiatic class?

A
  1. American.
  2. English.
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24
Q

What are the breeds in the Asiatic class characterized by?

A
  1. Large bodies.
  2. Heavy bones.
  3. Feathered shanks.
  4. Yellow skin.
  5. Red ear lobes.
  6. Lay brown eggs.
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25
Q

What is the origin of the Brahma?

A

Originated in India and brought to America more than a century ago.

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26
Q

How is the plumage of the Brahma described?

A

Varies from light (with black, white-edged hackle feathers) to buff to dark. Well-feathered.

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27
Q

How much does the Brahma weigh?

A

9.5-12 lbs.

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28
Q

What kind of comb does the Brahma have?

A

Pea comb.

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29
Q

How many eggs per year does the Brahma produce?

A

150.

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30
Q

What temperament does the Brahma have?

A

Calm.

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31
Q

What is the origin of the Cochin?

A

Imported into the United States around 1847.

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32
Q

How is the plumage of the Cochin breed described?

A

Loose, extremely long, and abundant. 4 varieties: Black, Buff, White, and Partridge.

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33
Q

How much does the Cochin weigh?

A

8.5-11 lbs.

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34
Q

What kind of comb does the Cochin have?

A

Single comb.

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35
Q

How many eggs per year does the Cochin lay?

A

160.

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36
Q

What is the temperament of the Cochin?

A

Friendly.

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37
Q

What are characteristics of the English class?

A
  1. White skin (except for the Cornish, which has yellow skin).
  2. Fleshing properties.
  3. Size.
38
Q

What is the origin of the Australorp?

A

Developed in Australia from the Black Orpington.

39
Q

How much does an Australorp weigh?

A

6.5-8.5 lbs.

40
Q

What type of comb does the Australorp have?

A

Single comb.

41
Q

Per year, how many eggs does the Australorp lay?

A

250 eggs.

42
Q

How is the plumage of the Australorp described?

A

Dark black.

43
Q

What is the temperament of the Australorp?

A

Docile/Hardy.

44
Q

How much does the Orpington weigh?

A

8-10 lbs.

45
Q

How is the plumage of the Orpington described?

A
  1. Loose feathering.
  2. Buff, White, Blue, and Black.
46
Q

What kind of comb does the Orpington have?

A

Single comb.

47
Q

How many eggs per year does the Orpington produce?

A

190.

48
Q

What is the temperament of the Orpington?

A

Calm.

49
Q

How much does the Ancona weigh?

A

4.5-6 lbs.

50
Q

What are the characteristics of the Mediterranean Class?

A
  1. White ear lobes.
  2. Large comb.
  3. Clean legs.
  4. Early maturing.
  5. White-shelled eggs.
  6. Smaller than the other classes described.
  7. Nervous disposition.
51
Q

How is the plumage of the Ancona described?

A

Greenish-black, white-tipped.

52
Q

What two comb types can the Ancona have?

A
  1. Rose.
  2. Single.
    *Only way to tell the 2 varieties apart.
53
Q

How many eggs per year does the Ancona lay?

A

180.

54
Q

What is the temperament of the Ancona?

A

Active.

55
Q

What is the origin of the Leghorn?

A

Egg production, especially the hybrids.

56
Q

How much does the Leghorn weigh?

A

4.5-6 lbs.

57
Q

How is the plumage of the Leghorn described?

A

White, Buff, Grey, or Brown.

58
Q

What are the 2 types of combs that a Leghorn can have?

A
  1. Single.
  2. Rose.
59
Q

How many eggs per year does the Leghorn lay?

A

280-300.

60
Q

What kind of temperament does the Leghorn have?

A

Flighty

61
Q

What are turkeys primarily raised for?

A

Meat.

62
Q

What are the 5 varieties of turkeys?

A
  1. Broad Breasted White.
  2. Broad Breasted Bronze.
  3. Bourbon Red.
  4. White Holland.
  5. Beltsville Small White.
63
Q

What 3 traits are highly heritable in turkeys?

A
  1. Color.
  2. Size.
  3. Conformation.
64
Q

What are the usual mating practices used in turkeys?

A
  1. Individual selection.
  2. Mass mating.
65
Q

What are the characteristics of the Broad Breasted White?

A

All the same as the Broad Breasted Bronze, except for having white plumage.

66
Q

Why is the Broad Breasted White known to be a rapidly growing bird?

A

It has a high feed efficiency.

67
Q

What two advantage do white feathers have?

A
  1. Eliminates objectionable dark pinfeathers and dark skin pigmentation.
  2. Reduced cost of processing the bird.
68
Q

What % of market turkeys are Broad Breasted White?

A

> 95%.
*Started to become the majority in the early 1970’s.

69
Q

What is the origin of the Broad Breasted Bronze?

A

Originated in the U.S. and was the prevalent market turkey from 1940-1960.

70
Q

What kind of carcass does the Broad Breasted Bronze have?

A

Uniform, well-fleshed.

71
Q

How much does a Broad Breasted Bronze tom weigh?

A

25-28 lbs.

72
Q

How much does a Broad Breasted Bronze hen weigh?

A

15-16 lbs.

73
Q

How is the plumage of the Broad Breasted Bronze described?

A

Black background with iridescent bronze, red, green, and copper.

74
Q

What color do the head and wattle transition to from top to bottom in the Broad Breasted Bronze?

A

Bluish-white to red.

75
Q

What is the origin of the White Holland?

A

Originated in Europe and is similar to Broad Breasted Bronze.
*Higher fertility and good egg layer.

76
Q

How much does a White Holland tom weigh?

A

23-33 lbs.

77
Q

How much does a White Holland hen weigh?

A

13-14 lbs.

78
Q

How is the plumage of the White Holland described?

A

Pure white.

79
Q

What color do the head and wattle transition to from top to bottom in the White Holland?

A

Red to pinkish-white.

80
Q

What is the origin of the Beltsville Small White?

A

Developed at a USDA facility in Beltsville, Maryland.

81
Q

How much does a Beltsville Small White tom weigh?

A

12-17 lbs.

82
Q

How much does a Beltsville Small White hen weigh?

A

7-10 lbs.

83
Q

How is the plumage of the Beltsville Small White described?

A

Pure white.

84
Q

What color do the head and wattle transition to from top to bottom in the Beltsville Small White?

A

Red to pinkish-white.

85
Q

What is the Beltsville Small White known for?

A

Being an egg producer with high hatchability and poor feed efficiency.

86
Q

What is the origin of the Bourbon Red?

A

Developed in Kentucky. Is an egg producer near extinction.

87
Q

How much does a Bourbon Red tom weigh?

A

23-33 lbs.

88
Q

How much does a Bourbon Red hen weigh?

A

14-18 lbs.

89
Q

How is the plumage on the breast, back, body, and wings of the Bourbon Red described?

A

Dark, rich, chestnut mahogany with black edged feathers.

90
Q

How are the primary and secondary wing feathers of the Bourbon Red described?

A

Pure white.

91
Q

How are the tail feathers of the Bourbon Red described?

A

White with a dimly outlined bar of red at the distal end of each.

ANS 432: Poultry Systems and Management (20 decks)

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