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ANS 432: Poultry Systems and Management > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the endocrine system consist of?

A

A number of organs and major glands located in different areas of the body.

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2
Q

What compound do glands produce?

A

Hormones.

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3
Q

What do hormones target?

A

Particular organs or systems.

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4
Q

Why are the glands called endocrine glands?

A

They do not have an opening to discharge their secretions, but discharge them directly into the bloodstream.

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5
Q

Do all hormones function alone?

A

No, some work synergistically.

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6
Q

What is the pituitary gland?

A

A pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain.

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7
Q

What is the pituitary gland colloquially referred to as and why?

A
  1. The master gland.
  2. It releases many hormones that target similar glands and cause them to release hormones.
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8
Q

What are the two parts of the pituitary gland?

A
  1. Anterior pituitary gland.
  2. Posterior pituitary gland.
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9
Q

What 6 hormones are released from the anterior pituitary?

A
  1. TSH.
  2. ACTH.
  3. LH.
  4. FSH.
  5. Melanin Stimulating Hormone.
  6. Growth Hormone.
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10
Q

What does the quantity of hormones produced by the pituitary gland influence?

A

The level of activity of the target organ or response.
*The more produced, the greater the response.

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11
Q

What does the posterior pituitary gland PRODUCE?

A

Arginine vasotocin.

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12
Q

What two hormones does the posterior pituitary gland STORE?

A
  1. OT.
  2. ADH.
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13
Q

What gland produces OT and ADH?

A

Hypothalamus.

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14
Q

What is the role of OT?

A

The release of the yolk into the oviduct and oviposition.

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15
Q

What is the role of ADH?

A

The resorption of water in the kidney collecting ducts.

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16
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located?

A

The base of the brain.

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17
Q

What two things does the hypothalamus release?

A
  1. Releasing factors for the anterior pituitary gland.
  2. OT.
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18
Q

What influences the amount of OT and releasing factor released?

A

Day length.

19
Q

When does the amount of things released from the hypothalamus begin to become maximized?

A

If the day is longer than 18 hours.

20
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A

Anterior to the kidneys.

21
Q

What are the two parts of the adrenal gland?

A
  1. Adrenal cortex.
  2. Adrenal medulla.
22
Q

What 3 compounds does the adrenal cortex produce?

A
  1. Corticosterone.
  2. 8-hydroxycorticosterone.
  3. Aldosterone.
23
Q

What are the three functions of corticosterone?

A
  1. Facilitates carbohydrate and fat metabolism.
  2. Protein breakdown.
  3. Stress.
24
Q

What is the function of aldosterone?

A

Increased resorption and retention of sodium.

25
Q

What are the two functions of 8-hydroxycorticosterone?

A
  1. Stress response.
  2. Overall physiological regulation.
26
Q

What two compounds does the adrenal medulla produce?

A
  1. Epinephrine.
  2. Norepinephrine.
27
Q

What is the function of epinephrine?

A

Blood pressure control.

28
Q

What is the function of norepinephrine?

A

Fat metabolism.

29
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

On either side of the base of the next.

29
Q

What two hormones are produced by the thyroid?

A
  1. Thyroxine.
  2. T3.
30
Q

What are the 4 functions of thyroxine?

A
  1. Promote growth.
  2. Carbohydrate metabolism.
  3. Regulate heat production.
  4. Promotes high blood sugar levels.
31
Q

What is the function of T3?

A

Development of skin and feathers.

32
Q

Where are parathyroid glands located?

A

Located at the base of the thyroid glands.

33
Q

What hormone do the parathyroid gland produce?

A

Parathyroid hormone/parathormone.

34
Q

What is the function of parathormone?

A

Increases blood calcium.

35
Q

What are the ultimobrachial bodies?

A

Structures located posterior to the parathyroid gland that produce calcitonin.

36
Q

What hormone is calcitonin antagonistic to?

A

Parathormone.

37
Q

What are the islets of Langerhans?

A

Small clumps of specialized cells located in the pancreas that produce glucagon and insulin.

38
Q

What are the two functions of glucagon?

A
  1. Affects fatty acid levels.
  2. Increases blood sugar.
39
Q

What is the function of insulin?

A

Lowers blood sugar.

40
Q

What is the function of estrogen?

A

Regulates the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics.

41
Q

What is the function of testosterone?

A

Plays an important role in the development of male reproductive tissues and promotes male secondary sex characteristics.

42
Q

What processes is progesterone involved in?

A
  1. Menstrual cycle.
  2. Pregnancy.
  3. Embryogenesis.
  4. Intermediate in the production of other endogenous steroids.
43
Q

What happens when the hormones are not in balance/at the appropriate levels?

A

The animal may take on characteristics of the other sex.
*Ex: A capon will eventually do this given time.

ANS 432: Poultry Systems and Management (20 decks)

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