Integumentary System Exam 1

Question 1

What is the dorsal directional term pertaining to?

Answer 1

The upper surface of the animal.

Question 2

What is the ventral directional term pertaining to?

Answer 2

The lower and abdominal surface.

Question 3

What is the cranial/anterior directional term pertaining to?

Answer 3

The front or head.

Question 4

What is the caudal directional term pertaining to?

Answer 4

The tail or rear.

Question 5

What does the integumentary system consist of?

Answer 5

1. Skin.
2. Appendages (beak and claws).
3. Feathers.

Question 6

What is unique about the integumentary system as compared to other systems?

Answer 6

It covers the entire body.

Question 7

In what two locations in the integumentary system are glands found?

Answer 7

1. The outer ear canal.
2. Preen gland, base of tail.

Question 8

What is the preen gland used for?

Answer 8

Keeping the feathers oiled.

Question 9

What are the importance of the comb and wattle?

Answer 9

Thermoregulation.

Question 10

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 10

1. Barrier against external environment.
2. Support and protection from infection and physical injury.
3. Thermoregulation.
4. Senses.
5. Compounds capable of being turned into vitamin D in the presence of sunlight.
6. Pigments for display and protection from elements.

Question 11

What are the three tissue layers that compose the integumentary system (outermost to innermost)?

Answer 11

1. Epidermis.
2. Dermis or corium.
3. Hypodermis.

Question 12

What two layers of skin contain widely spaced cells intermixed with connective tissue?

Answer 12

1. Dermis.
2. Hypodermis.

Question 13

What is the epidermis primarily composed of?

Answer 13

Stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 14

What is unique about this outer layer?

Answer 14

It is continuously replaced by cells created by mitosis in the epidermal germinative layer.

Question 15

What are the three layers of the epidermis from outermost to innermost?

Answer 15

1. Flattened, horny cells.
2. Transitional layer.
3. Columnar layer.

Question 16

What happens in the transitional layer?

Answer 16

Cells from the columnar layer become hard and horny.

Question 17

What happens in the columnar layer?

Answer 17

Where all of the cells for the outermost layers of the epidermis are created.

Question 18

What is the dermis described as?

Answer 18

Relatively thin and uniform.

Question 19

What are the main components of the dermis?

Answer 19

Collagen with some elastin.

Question 20

In what layers of the skin adipose tissue found?

Answer 20

The hypodermis.

Question 21

What do the air spaces in the hypodermis connect with?

Answer 21

Air sacs of the respiratory system.
*Enhances flight ability.

Question 22

What are shed epidermal cells referred to as?

Answer 22

Dander or scurf.

Question 23

What does dander/scurf aid in the survival of?

Answer 23

1. Parasites like lice.
2. Disease causing viruses like Marek’s Disease.

Question 24

What is keratinization?

Answer 24

The synthesis of the very durable fibrous protein keratin.

Question 25

What is required for keratinization to be complete?

Answer 25

The cell must die.

Question 26

What 2 important supplies are found in the dermis?

Answer 26

1. Nerve (Outer layer).
2. Blood vessels.

Question 27

How do nutrients, hormones, gases, and other compounds reach the living cells in the epidermal layer?

Answer 27

Diffusion.

Question 28

What is the main characteristic of skin covered by feathers?

Answer 28

It is thinner due to being protected.

Question 29

On what areas of the body is the skin more tightly joined to the underlying tissue?

Answer 29

Over the thighs and wings.

Question 30

What areas of the body are covered by scales?

Answer 30

The lower legs and upper sides of the toes.

Question 31

Where doe the feathers grow from in breeds with feathered legs?

Answer 31

The margins of the scales.

Question 32

What protein are the scales rich in?

Answer 32

Keratin.
*Carry over from reptilian ancestors.