Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANS 432: Poultry Systems and Management > Breeder Flock and Hatchery Management > Flashcards

Breeder Flock and Hatchery Management Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 things do breeder operations select birds based on?

A
  1. Conformation.
  2. Color.
  3. Size.
  4. Health.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How often are turkeys, geese, and ducks selected?

A

Annually.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How often are chickens selected?

A

Every 3 months.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does selecting chickens with increased frequency allow for?

A
  1. On-going production.
  2. Some hens to always be coming into lay at layer operations.
  3. Not needing to force hens to molt out of season.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the balances that breeder flock managers are trying to keep?

A
  1. Genetic diversity and Genetic uniformity.
  2. Product variability and Product consistency.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the importance of feed in breeder flock management?

A

Providing proper nutrition is important for breeding, especially vitamin E.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the importance of nesting in breeder flock management?

A

Provides a natural places for the hens to rest, lay their eggs, and incubate their eggs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the importance of egg gathering in breeder flock management?

A

How often eggs are collected can impact fertility.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 2 types of table top incubators?

A
  1. Still Air.
  2. Circulated Air.
    *Can pay extra for one with an automatic turner.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the ideal amount of time to run an incubator before putting eggs in it?

A

2 weeks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When should you clean the incubator?

A
  1. 2 days prior to setting the eggs.
  2. After all of the eggs have been removed from the incubator.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What solution should an incubator be cleaned with?

A
  1. 1 tsp. bleach: 1 gal. water.
  2. Mild dishwater soap.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 2 ways to measure temperature in the incubator?

A
  1. Thermometer (either built-in or bought). Two thermometers is preferred.
  2. Thermostat wafer (purchase an additional one if the incubator is over 3 yrs. old).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where should the incubator be placed prior to setting the eggs in it?

A
  1. In the corner of a room.
  2. In a non-drafty area.
  3. Away from windows.
  4. Room should be 70-75 F
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you clean eggs if they are dirty?

A

With fine sandpaper. Doing so with water may delay their development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What temperature should the eggs warm to before being set in the incubator?

A

Room temperature (30 minutes-2 hours).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens when the eggs are first set in the incubator?

A

The temperature will drop. Do not raise the temperature for the first 48 hours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What water channels are filled at what point during incubation in a circulated air incubator?

A
  1. Outer: Days 1-17 (60% humidity).
  2. Both: Days 18-21 (65-70% humidity).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What water channels are filled at what point during incubation in a still air incubator?

A
  1. Inner: Days 1-17 (60% humidity).
  2. Both: Days 18-21 (65-70% humidity).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When and how should water be added to the water channels?

A
  1. At the end of the day (warm water).
  2. Turkey/meat baster.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When are sponges added and why?

A
  1. Days 18-21.
  2. Increase humidity.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How is humidity monitored?

A

Placing a cotton wick/shoe lace on a bulb (called a wet bulb thermometer) and sticking it into the water channel.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where are the vent holes located?

A

On the bottom of the incubator.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do the vent holes allow for?

A

O2 in and CO2 out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When are the 2 plugs in the incubator removed?

A

1 during hatching and both after the chicks have hatched.
*If condensation forms on the inside of the window or on the eggs, remove one of the plugs. This will lower the humidity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Why is it important to mark the egg with different symbols?

A

To know whether or not you have turned the egg and how many times you have turned it.

27
Q

How many times is the egg turned on day 0?

A

2 times.

28
Q

How many times is the egg turned during the last 4 days of incubation?

A

None.

29
Q

What are the 5 reasons for poor hatching?

A
  1. Infertile eggs.
  2. Turning.
  3. Temperature.
  4. Ventilation.
  5. Humidity.
30
Q

Why is candling done in a commercial setting?

A
  1. To determine quality and grade.
  2. To see if there are cracks.
31
Q

Why is candling done during incubation?

A
  1. To see the growth of the embryo.
  2. To see if there are cracks.
32
Q

How many days into incubation is candling done and how many eggs are candled?

A
  1. 6-10 days.
  2. 3-4 different eggs. If primary goal is live chicks, 5-6 eggs.
33
Q

Why can the eggs from multiple species not be placed in the same incubator?

A

They have different incubation times.

34
Q

During what months are turkey eggs set in incubators?

A

March-May 15th.
*6 months from Thanksgiving or Christmas.

35
Q

On what day of incubation are turkey eggs candled?

A

Day 10.

36
Q

On what day of incubation are turkey eggs moved to the hatcher?

A

Day 25.

37
Q

On what day of incubation are turkey eggs REmoved from the hatcher?

A

Day 28.

38
Q

During what months are chicken eggs set in the incubator?

A

February-September.

39
Q

On what day of incubation are chicken eggs candled?

A

Day 5-6.

40
Q

On what day of incubation are chicken eggs moved to the hatcher?

A

Day 18.

41
Q

On what day of incubation are chicken eggs removed from the hatcher?

A

Day 21.

42
Q

Why do bad eggs need to be removed from the incubator?

A

They will explode and contaminate the other eggs.
*Can clean off the eggs if small scale, must throw the contaminated ones away if large scale.

43
Q

How are bad eggs detected?

A

Sniffing them out.

44
Q

What does the sorting process help with?

A
  1. Hatchling.
  2. Mortality.
  3. Deformed birds.
45
Q

What happens during incubator cleaning and sanitation?

A

Everything is washed, including the floors.
*Usually December-January.

46
Q

What records need to be kept?

A
  1. # of hens.
  2. # of fertile eggs.
  3. # of eggs set.
  4. # of hatched eggs.
  5. # of delivered eggs and to whom.
  6. # of mortalities in 24 hours.
47
Q

What trends are important to monitor?

A
  1. Breeder.
  2. Breed.
  3. Date.
48
Q

What is hatchability?

A

% of fertilized eggs that hatch.

49
Q

What is the equation for determining hatchability?

A

(# of hatched eggs/# of fertile eggs)*100.

50
Q

What is the definition of fertility?

A

The capacity to reproduce.

51
Q

What is the equation for determining fertility?

A

(# of fertile eggs/# of eggs set)*100.

52
Q

What 10 factors impact fertility?

A
  1. Incubation conditions.
  2. Age of hen (older=less fertile eggs).
  3. Storage length (Increased=Decreased fertility).
  4. Genetics.
  5. Stress (Increased=Decreased fertility).
  6. Nutrition.
  7. Environmental conditions.
  8. Health status (Unhealthy=Decreased fertility. ex: Mycoplasmosis).
  9. Mating ratio (The greater the difference between males and females, the lower the fertility).
  10. Breeding practices.
53
Q

What 7 factors affect hatchability?

A
  1. Fertility.
  2. Genetics.
  3. Nutrients.
  4. Disease.
  5. Egg selection.
  6. Handling of fertilized eggs.
  7. Environmental conditions.
54
Q

What factors compose fertility?

A
  1. Number of females mated to a single male.
  2. Length of time between breedings.
  3. Age of breeding animals.
  4. Management practices.
55
Q

What factors compose genetics?

A
  1. Crossbreeding.
  2. Inbreeding.
  3. Lethal genes.
  4. Heritable traits.
56
Q

What factors compose nutrients?

A
  1. Amounts of vitamins and minerals in hen rations.
  2. Rations fed to breeding hens.
57
Q

What factors contribute to egg selection?

A
  1. Size (Extremely large or small eggs do not hatch well).
  2. Shape (Unnaturally shaped eggs do not hatch well).
  3. Interior quality (Better interior quality tends to hatch better).
  4. Shell quality (Strong shells hatch better than weak shells).
58
Q

What are good management practices for managing fertilized eggs?

A
  1. Gathering eggs frequently.
  2. Sanitizing eggs.
  3. Cleaning soiled eggs.
  4. Holding/prolonging the start of incubation for the minimum amount of time.
  5. Holding the eggs at 65 F.
  6. Holding the eggs at a relative humidity of 75-80%.
  7. Position eggs with large end up.
  8. Turn eggs if held more than 7 days.
59
Q

What are the factors that compose environmental conditions?

A
  1. Temperature.
  2. Humidity.
  3. Ventilation.
  4. Egg positioning and turning.
60
Q

How can a fertile egg be distinguished from an infertile egg using an egg candler?

A

A fertile egg will appear darker than an infertile egg.

61
Q

When is the earliest you can tell that an egg is infertile using an egg candler?

A

15-18 hours of incubation.
*Second fertility test 14-16 days after incubation.

62
Q

What is a setter?

A

The incubator used for day 1-19 in commercial hatcheries.

63
Q

What is the hatcher?

A

The incubator used for day 19-21 that has a slightly lower temperature, higher humidity, and the chick holding trays cut down on debris from hatching eggs that may disturb other eggs.

ANS 432: Poultry Systems and Management (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions