Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANS 432: Poultry Systems and Management > Climate in Poultry Housing > Flashcards

Climate in Poultry Housing Flashcards

1
Q

What does the climate of the poultry house influence the health of?

A
  1. Poultry.
  2. Human workers.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What can result from sub-standard climatic conditions?

A
  1. Digestive disorders.
  2. Behavioral disorders.
  3. Respiratory disorders.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the efficiency with which feed is utilized related to?

A

The health status of the flock.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What factors make animals more sensitive to climatic conditions?

A
  1. Age, younger is more susceptible.
  2. Production level.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is climate?

A

The sum of environmental factors which influence the functioning of animal and man.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What factors contribute to climate?

A
  1. Temperature.
  2. Relative humidity.
  3. Air speed.
  4. Air composition.
  5. Light.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What level must all environmental factors be measured at?

A

The animal level.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What housing attributes influence housing climate?

A
  1. Insulation of roof.
  2. Wall ventilation.
  3. Floor ventilation.
  4. Heating.
  5. Cooling.
  6. Lighting.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a micro-climate?

A

The climate directly surrounding the bird.
*The only thing of importance to the birds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Can the climate and microclimate differ? If so, how does this affect the bird?

A
  1. Yes.
  2. It means the overall housing environment may be acceptable, but the microclimate may not be. This could negatively impact bird health.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What device can be used to save on heating expenses, but is labor intensive?

A

Brooding rings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What gas is heavy, and more concentrated at below 2 meters?

A

CO_2.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Layers are homeothermic organisms, what is the definition of homeothermic?

A

There body temp. must be kept within a certain range (105.8-107.6 F).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What part of the brain regulates body temperature and keeps it constant?

A

The hypophysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is body temperature regulated physically?

A
  1. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
  2. Changes in respiratory rate.
    *Influences heat emission and retention.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why do neonates need to be in environments with higher ambient temperatures?

A

It takes time for their internal heat regulating mechanism to start function and their SA : weight ratio is unfavorable due to lacking fat reserves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the comfort/thermoneutral zone zone?

A

The temperature zone in which the birds are able to keep their body temperature constant with minimal effort.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What factors impact the comfort zone of the poultry house?

A
  1. Feeding level.
  2. Housing conditions.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does bird behavior change when the temperature rises above the comfort zone?

A
  1. Start panting.
  2. Change body position.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the lowest critical temperature?

A

The lowest temperature in the thermoneutral zone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do birds do when the temperature drops below the lowest critical temperature?

A

Birds use feed energy to warm themselves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the highest critical temperature?

A

The highest temperature in the thermoneutral zone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do the birds do when the temperature rises above the highest critical temperature?

A
  1. They consume less feed.
  2. They become more active.
    *They are no longer able to dissipate heat.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What 7 factors does the range of the comfort zone depend upon?

A
  1. Age.
  2. Body weight.
  3. Health.
  4. Air velocity.
  5. Housing system.
  6. Feeding level.
  7. Relative humidity.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What 5 mechanisms are used by birds to physical regulated their body temperature?

A
  1. Tissue insulation.
  2. Changing body position and huddling.
  3. Vaporization of water.
  4. Heat loss through insensible/latent heat.
  5. Flow of blood through skin and mucous membranes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How is tissue insulation used to regulate body temperature?

A

Birds that have a layer of SQ fat can let their skin temperature drop. Only well-fed birds can deposit a layers of SQ fat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How is vaporization of water used to regulate body temperature?

A

As the water is turned from a liquid into a gas, it draws some heat along with it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How is insensible/latent heat lost?

A

Through the elimination of respiratory moisture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How is the flow of blood through skin and mucous membranes controlled?

A

Vasoconstriction and vasodilation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How is body temperature regulated chemically?

A

Increasing or decreasing feed intake.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the best method for measuring the temperature of a poultry house?

A

The birds themselves by observing the birds when they are at rest.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the indicators of unsatisfactory housing?

A
  1. Activeness.
  2. Coughing and sneezing frequency.
  3. External abnormalities.
  4. Abnormal body position.
  5. Behavior of the animals.
  6. Abnormal plumage may point to mistakes in house climate.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the most common way to assess the climate in the poultry house, besides observing the birds?

A

Measuring temperature.

34
Q

What are the 5 ways to measure temperature?

A
  1. Minimum/maximum thermometer (in each house/every section of the house).
  2. Temperature sensor (for computerized climate control).
  3. Infrared thermometers 9electronic0.
  4. Alcohol thermometers.
  5. Climate thermometers.
35
Q

Where should thermometers NOT be placed in poultry houses?

A
  1. Not hung too high in the house.
  2. Close to the wall or anything that hinders airflow.
36
Q

Knowing the location of what equipment is important in determining temperature sensor/thermometer placement?

A
  1. Air inlets.
  2. Heating equipment.
37
Q

What is the critical temperature for layers?

A

68 F.

38
Q

What happens to feed intake for every 3 degree F drop in temperature below 68 F?

A

It increases by 1.5 kg/day.

39
Q

What is the comfort zone for layers?

A

68-75 F.

40
Q

What happens to the eggs laid when the temp. is above 75 F?

A
  1. Shell quality decreases.
  2. Egg weight decreases.
41
Q

What is the recommended house temperature for broilers during day 1?

A

90-94 F.

42
Q

What is the recommended house temperature for broilers during week 1?

A

86 F.

43
Q

What is the recommended house temperature for broilers during week 2?

A

80 F.

44
Q

What is the recommended house temperature for broilers during week 3?

A

72 F.

45
Q

What is the recommended house temperature for broilers during week 4?

A

68 F.

46
Q

What is absolute humidity?

A

Grams of moisture present in 1m^3 of air.

47
Q

What is maximum humidity?

A

Maximum grams of moisture that can be present in 1 m^3 of air at a given temperature.

48
Q

What is relative humidity (RH)?

A

The relationship between moisture content of the air and the maximum moisture content at the current air temperature expressed in percentages.

49
Q

What is the relative humidity in the poultry house used to determine?

A

The cause of respiratory disorders (whether RH is too high or too low).

50
Q

What can too high of an RH cause?

A

Growth of microorganisms.

51
Q

What are the 2 most common common ways to measure humidity in a poultry house?

A
  1. Psychrometer (dry or wet bulb).
  2. Mechanical hygrometer.
52
Q

How is humidity controlled in a poultry operation?

A

Intense heating or cooling of the poultry house in response to outside temperatures.

53
Q

What happens to the RH in the house when outside temperatures are low? What does this result in?

A
  1. RH is low.
  2. Dry dust circulating in the air within the house.
54
Q

What is the result if the RH in the house is too high?

A

Wet litter.

55
Q

What is the ideal RH for poultry?

A

60-80%.

56
Q

What % of air is nitrogen?

A

~79%.

57
Q

What % of air is oxygen?

A

20.3%.

58
Q

What other components are introduced into the air of the poultry house when birds exhale?

A
  1. H2O.
  2. CO2.
59
Q

What actually happens in poultry houses instead of true “Lack of Oxygen”?

A
  1. High Temperature.
  2. High Humidity.
  3. High CO2 Concentration.
60
Q

What is CO2 content in the air used to measure?

A

The effectiveness of the ventilation.

61
Q

What is ammonia (NH3) a product of?

A

Bacteriological processes in the manure.

62
Q

What is the danger with ammonia?

A
  1. It is easily bound to water.
  2. It is lighter than air and rises in the air. This means the concentration of ammonia will appear different depending on where in the poultry house you are.
63
Q

What is NH3 content dependent upon?

A
  1. Stocking rate.
  2. Ventilation.
  3. RH.
  4. Temperature.
64
Q

What is hydrogen sulfide (H2S) a product of?

A

Organic matter in manure decomposing.

65
Q

What does H2S smell like?

A

Rotten eggs.
*Dangerous even at low concentrations.

66
Q

What is carbon monoxide (CO) a product of?

A

Incomplete combustion due to lack of O2 in gas heaters.

67
Q

Why is CO dangerous?

A

It is odorless, highly flammable, and binds better to hemoglobin than oxygen.

68
Q

What is sulphur dioxide (SO2) a product of?

A

Oil being used for fuel.
*Cleaner oil produces less.

69
Q

What is used to measure the air content?

A

A gas detector.

70
Q

How does a gas detector work?

A

A pump draws air into the apparatus and different tubes filled with chemicals that react with a specific gas are hooked up to allow for detection of each component.

71
Q

In what ways can dust impair function in a poultry house?

A
  1. Can interfere with heating, lighting, and ventilation.
  2. Can carry microorganisms and cause disease.
72
Q

What is the dust in poultry houses made up of?

A
  1. Skin particles.
  2. Feed particles.
  3. Feathers.
  4. Litter.
  5. Dried manure.
73
Q

What does the amount of dust depend upon?

A
  1. Hygiene.
  2. Temperature.
  3. Feeding system.
  4. Type of litter used.
  5. Humidity.
  6. Type and age of animal.
74
Q

What does regular cleaning and proper maintenance help with?

A
  1. More comfortable conditions for the animals.
  2. Better working conditions for the humans.
75
Q

What heavily influences bird comfort?

A
  1. Air velocity.
  2. Air temperature.
76
Q

Are younger animals or older animals more sensitive to air velocity and temperature?

A

Younger animals.

77
Q

How much can air velocity vary at the animal level?

A

0.1-0.2 m/s.

78
Q

What will animals experience higher air velocity as when the air temperature in the house is low?

A

A draft.

79
Q

How is air velocity measured?

A

An anemometer.

80
Q

How are air movement patterns visualized in poultry houses?

A

Smoke generators or smoke powders.

ANS 432: Poultry Systems and Management (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions