Climate in Poultry Housing

Question 1

What does the climate of the poultry house influence the health of?

Answer 1

1. Poultry.
2. Human workers.

Question 2

What can result from sub-standard climatic conditions?

Answer 2

1. Digestive disorders.
2. Behavioral disorders.
3. Respiratory disorders.

Question 3

What is the efficiency with which feed is utilized related to?

Answer 3

The health status of the flock.

Question 4

What factors make animals more sensitive to climatic conditions?

Answer 4

1. Age, younger is more susceptible.
2. Production level.

Question 5

What is climate?

Answer 5

The sum of environmental factors which influence the functioning of animal and man.

Question 6

What factors contribute to climate?

Answer 6

1. Temperature.
2. Relative humidity.
3. Air speed.
4. Air composition.
5. Light.

Question 7

What level must all environmental factors be measured at?

Answer 7

The animal level.

Question 8

What housing attributes influence housing climate?

Answer 8

1. Insulation of roof.
2. Wall ventilation.
3. Floor ventilation.
4. Heating.
5. Cooling.
6. Lighting.

Question 9

What is a micro-climate?

Answer 9

The climate directly surrounding the bird.
*The only thing of importance to the birds.

Question 10

Can the climate and microclimate differ? If so, how does this affect the bird?

Answer 10

1. Yes.
2. It means the overall housing environment may be acceptable, but the microclimate may not be. This could negatively impact bird health.

Question 11

What device can be used to save on heating expenses, but is labor intensive?

Answer 11

Brooding rings.

Question 12

What gas is heavy, and more concentrated at below 2 meters?

Answer 12

CO_2.

Question 13

Layers are homeothermic organisms, what is the definition of homeothermic?

Answer 13

There body temp. must be kept within a certain range (105.8-107.6 F).

Question 14

What part of the brain regulates body temperature and keeps it constant?

Answer 14

The hypophysis.

Question 15

How is body temperature regulated physically?

Answer 15

1. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
2. Changes in respiratory rate.
   *Influences heat emission and retention.

Question 16

Why do neonates need to be in environments with higher ambient temperatures?

Answer 16

It takes time for their internal heat regulating mechanism to start function and their SA : weight ratio is unfavorable due to lacking fat reserves.

Question 17

What is the comfort/thermoneutral zone zone?

Answer 17

The temperature zone in which the birds are able to keep their body temperature constant with minimal effort.

Question 18

What factors impact the comfort zone of the poultry house?

Answer 18

1. Feeding level.
2. Housing conditions.

Question 19

How does bird behavior change when the temperature rises above the comfort zone?

Answer 19

1. Start panting.
2. Change body position.

Question 20

What is the lowest critical temperature?

Answer 20

The lowest temperature in the thermoneutral zone.

Question 21

What do birds do when the temperature drops below the lowest critical temperature?

Answer 21

Birds use feed energy to warm themselves.

Question 22

What is the highest critical temperature?

Answer 22

The highest temperature in the thermoneutral zone.

Question 23

What do the birds do when the temperature rises above the highest critical temperature?

Answer 23

1. They consume less feed.
2. They become more active.
   *They are no longer able to dissipate heat.

Question 24

What 7 factors does the range of the comfort zone depend upon?

Answer 24

1. Age.
2. Body weight.
3. Health.
4. Air velocity.
5. Housing system.
6. Feeding level.
7. Relative humidity.

Question 25

What 5 mechanisms are used by birds to physical regulated their body temperature?

Answer 25

1. Tissue insulation. 2. Changing body position and huddling. 3. Vaporization of water. 4. Heat loss through insensible/latent heat. 5. Flow of blood through skin and mucous membranes.

Question 26

How is tissue insulation used to regulate body temperature?

Answer 26

Birds that have a layer of SQ fat can let their skin temperature drop. Only well-fed birds can deposit a layers of SQ fat.

Question 27

How is vaporization of water used to regulate body temperature?

Answer 27

As the water is turned from a liquid into a gas, it draws some heat along with it.

Question 28

How is insensible/latent heat lost?

Answer 28

Through the elimination of respiratory moisture.

Question 29

How is the flow of blood through skin and mucous membranes controlled?

Answer 29

Vasoconstriction and vasodilation.

Question 30

How is body temperature regulated chemically?

Answer 30

Increasing or decreasing feed intake.

Question 31

What is the best method for measuring the temperature of a poultry house?

Answer 31

The birds themselves by observing the birds when they are at rest.

Question 32

What are the indicators of unsatisfactory housing?

Answer 32

1. Activeness. 2. Coughing and sneezing frequency. 3. External abnormalities. 4. Abnormal body position. 5. Behavior of the animals. 6. Abnormal plumage may point to mistakes in house climate.

Question 33

What is the most common way to assess the climate in the poultry house, besides observing the birds?

Answer 33

Measuring temperature.

Question 34

What are the 5 ways to measure temperature?

Answer 34

1. Minimum/maximum thermometer (in each house/every section of the house). 2. Temperature sensor (for computerized climate control). 3. Infrared thermometers 9electronic0. 4. Alcohol thermometers. 5. Climate thermometers.

Question 35

Where should thermometers NOT be placed in poultry houses?

Answer 35

1. Not hung too high in the house. 2. Close to the wall or anything that hinders airflow.

Question 36

Knowing the location of what equipment is important in determining temperature sensor/thermometer placement?

Answer 36

1. Air inlets. 2. Heating equipment.

Question 37

What is the critical temperature for layers?

Answer 37

68 F.

Question 38

What happens to feed intake for every 3 degree F drop in temperature below 68 F?

Answer 38

It increases by 1.5 kg/day.

Question 39

What is the comfort zone for layers?

Answer 39

68-75 F.

Question 40

What happens to the eggs laid when the temp. is above 75 F?

Answer 40

1. Shell quality decreases. 2. Egg weight decreases.

Question 41

What is the recommended house temperature for broilers during day 1?

Answer 41

90-94 F.

Question 42

What is the recommended house temperature for broilers during week 1?

Answer 42

86 F.

Question 43

What is the recommended house temperature for broilers during week 2?

Answer 43

80 F.

Question 44

What is the recommended house temperature for broilers during week 3?

Answer 44

72 F.

Question 45

What is the recommended house temperature for broilers during week 4?

Answer 45

68 F.

Question 46

What is absolute humidity?

Answer 46

Grams of moisture present in 1m^3 of air.

Question 47

What is maximum humidity?

Answer 47

Maximum grams of moisture that can be present in 1 m^3 of air at a given temperature.

Question 48

What is relative humidity (RH)?

Answer 48

The relationship between moisture content of the air and the maximum moisture content at the current air temperature expressed in percentages.

Question 49

What is the relative humidity in the poultry house used to determine?

Answer 49

The cause of respiratory disorders (whether RH is too high or too low).

Question 50

What can too high of an RH cause?

Answer 50

Growth of microorganisms.

Question 51

What are the 2 most common common ways to measure humidity in a poultry house?

Answer 51

1. Psychrometer (dry or wet bulb). 2. Mechanical hygrometer.

Question 52

How is humidity controlled in a poultry operation?

Answer 52

Intense heating or cooling of the poultry house in response to outside temperatures.

Question 53

What happens to the RH in the house when outside temperatures are low? What does this result in?

Answer 53

1. RH is low. 2. Dry dust circulating in the air within the house.

Question 54

What is the result if the RH in the house is too high?

Answer 54

Wet litter.

Question 55

What is the ideal RH for poultry?

Answer 55

60-80%.

Question 56

What % of air is nitrogen?

Answer 56

~79%.

Question 57

What % of air is oxygen?

Answer 57

20.3%.

Question 58

What other components are introduced into the air of the poultry house when birds exhale?

Answer 58

1. H2O. 2. CO2.

Question 59

What actually happens in poultry houses instead of true "Lack of Oxygen"?

Answer 59

1. High Temperature. 2. High Humidity. 3. High CO2 Concentration.

Question 60

What is CO2 content in the air used to measure?

Answer 60

The effectiveness of the ventilation.

Question 61

What is ammonia (NH3) a product of?

Answer 61

Bacteriological processes in the manure.

Question 62

What is the danger with ammonia?

Answer 62

1. It is easily bound to water. 2. It is lighter than air and rises in the air. This means the concentration of ammonia will appear different depending on where in the poultry house you are.

Question 63

What is NH3 content dependent upon?

Answer 63

1. Stocking rate. 2. Ventilation. 3. RH. 4. Temperature.

Question 64

What is hydrogen sulfide (H2S) a product of?

Answer 64

Organic matter in manure decomposing.

Question 65

What does H2S smell like?

Answer 65

Rotten eggs. *Dangerous even at low concentrations.

Question 66

What is carbon monoxide (CO) a product of?

Answer 66

Incomplete combustion due to lack of O2 in gas heaters.

Question 67

Why is CO dangerous?

Answer 67

It is odorless, highly flammable, and binds better to hemoglobin than oxygen.

Question 68

What is sulphur dioxide (SO2) a product of?

Answer 68

Oil being used for fuel. *Cleaner oil produces less.

Question 69

What is used to measure the air content?

Answer 69

A gas detector.

Question 70

How does a gas detector work?

Answer 70

A pump draws air into the apparatus and different tubes filled with chemicals that react with a specific gas are hooked up to allow for detection of each component.

Question 71

In what ways can dust impair function in a poultry house?

Answer 71

1. Can interfere with heating, lighting, and ventilation. 2. Can carry microorganisms and cause disease.

Question 72

What is the dust in poultry houses made up of?

Answer 72

1. Skin particles. 2. Feed particles. 3. Feathers. 4. Litter. 5. Dried manure.

Question 73

What does the amount of dust depend upon?

Answer 73

1. Hygiene. 2. Temperature. 3. Feeding system. 4. Type of litter used. 5. Humidity. 6. Type and age of animal.

Question 74

What does regular cleaning and proper maintenance help with?

Answer 74

1. More comfortable conditions for the animals. 2. Better working conditions for the humans.

Question 75

What heavily influences bird comfort?

Answer 75

1. Air velocity. 2. Air temperature.

Question 76

Are younger animals or older animals more sensitive to air velocity and temperature?

Answer 76

Younger animals.

Question 77

How much can air velocity vary at the animal level?

Answer 77

0.1-0.2 m/s.

Question 78

What will animals experience higher air velocity as when the air temperature in the house is low?

Answer 78

A draft.

Question 79

How is air velocity measured?

Answer 79

An anemometer.

Question 80

How are air movement patterns visualized in poultry houses?

Answer 80

Smoke generators or smoke powders.