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ANS 432: Poultry Systems and Management > Important Poultry Diseases > Flashcards

Important Poultry Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is sick bird syndrome?

A

A set of clinical signs that birds display when they are diseased.

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2
Q

What signs does a bird with sick bird syndrome display?

A
  1. Ruffled feathers.
  2. Depressed.
  3. Hunched appearance.
  4. Anorexia.
  5. Drop in egg production.
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3
Q

What are the two type of avian influenza?

A
  1. Low pathogenic (LPAI).
  2. High pathogenic (HPAI).
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4
Q

What are the signs of LPAI?

A
  1. Sinusitis.
  2. Sick bird syndrome.
  3. Low morbidity.
  4. Low mortality.
  5. Decreased egg production.
  6. Mild respiratory signs.
  7. Fecal, nasal, and ocular secretions.
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5
Q

What are the clinical signs of LPAI described as?

A

No-mild clinical signs.

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6
Q

How is LPAI transmitted?

A
  1. Bird-to-bird contact.
  2. Contaminated equipment.
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7
Q

How is LPAI diagnosed?

A
  1. Viral isolation.
  2. Serology.
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8
Q

What are the signs of HPAI?

A
  1. Decreased activity.
  2. Decreased feed consumption.
  3. Decreased egg production.
  4. Soft-shelled or misshapen eggs.
  5. Swelling of head, eyelids, comb, wattle, and hocks.
  6. Cyanosis and hemorrhage of the wattle, comb, and legs.
  7. Comb vesicles and ulcers.
  8. Facial edema.
  9. Nasal discharge.
  10. Coughing and sneezing.
  11. Ataxia.
  12. Diarrhea.
  13. Internal hemorrhage.
    *Sometimes, birds die w/o showing clinical signs.
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9
Q

What 2 vaccines are available for AI?

A
  1. Nobilis Influenza (H5N2).
  2. Innovax ND-H5
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10
Q

What virus family is Newcastle Disease in?

A

Paramyxovirus.

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11
Q

What are the signs of Newcastle Disease?

A
  1. Mild to severe respiratory symptoms.
  2. Neurologic symptoms.
  3. Conjunctivitis.
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12
Q

How does ND spread?

A

Can spread through aerosol or fecal-oral.

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13
Q

What treatment is there for ND?

A

None. Antibiotics for secondary infection.

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14
Q

How long can ND survive in manure? Dead carcasses?

A
  1. Up to 2 months.
  2. Up to 12 months.
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15
Q

What can be used to kill ND virus?

A
  1. Disinfectants.
  2. Fumigants.
  3. Direct sunlight.
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16
Q

How is ND prevented?

A
  1. Good hygiene.
  2. Biosecurity procedures.
  3. Vaccination.
  4. Quarantine.
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17
Q

What is Marek’s Disease?

A

A highly contagious viral infection.

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18
Q

Why is Marek’s Disease of particular concern to poultry producers?

A

Subclinical disease is more common and more economically detrimental.

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19
Q

What signs does subclinical Marek’s Disease cause?

A
  1. Reduced weight gain.
  2. Egg production.
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20
Q

What signs does clinical Marek’s disease cause?

A
  1. Enlarged nerves.
  2. Tumor formation in nerves, epithelial, muscle, and organ tissue.
  3. Wing, leg, and neck paralysis.
  4. Immunosuppression.
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21
Q

What is the treatment for Marek’s Disease?

A

None. Vaccination is the central strategy for prevention and control.

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22
Q

What is avian encephalomyelitis?

A

A viral infection of the CNS in poultry.

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23
Q

What are the signs of avian encephalomyelitis?

A
  1. Ataxia.
  2. Tremors.
  3. Drop in egg production.
  4. Drop in hatchability.
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24
Q

What is most common way that avian encephalomyelitis is spread?

A

Vertical transmission.
*Can also spread through direct contact.

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25
Q

What is the treatment for avian encephalomyelitis?

A

There is none, prevention is the best method of control.

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26
Q

What is infectious bronchitis?

A

A highly infectious, highly contagious, viral, respiratory infection. Also affects the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts.

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27
Q

What are the signs of infectious bronchitis?

A

Depending on tropism:
1. Coughing.
2. Sneezing.
3. Gasping.
4. Loss of appetite.
5. Wet litter.
6. Decreased feed intake.

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28
Q

Why are laboratory tests required to confirm infectious bronchitis?

A

The signs are non-specific.

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29
Q

Why is infectious bronchitis such a concern?

A

Being highly contagious, it spreads despite biosecurity measures being implemented.

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30
Q

What are the treatments for infectious bronchitis?

A

No treatment, antibiotics are used for secondary infections.

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31
Q

What is infectious bursal disease/Gumboro?

A

A highly contagious viral disease.

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32
Q

What does the severity of IBD depend upon?

A
  1. Age of bird.
  2. Virulence of virus.
  3. Breed of chickens.
33
Q

Which strains of chickens are more susceptible to IBD?

A

White Leghorns, as compared to brown egg layers and broilers.

34
Q

What are the signs of IBD?

A
  1. Rapid drop in feed and water intake.
  2. Mucoid diarrhea w/ soiled vent feathers.
  3. Ruffled feathers.
  4. Listless chicks w/ unsteady gates or hunched position.
  5. Picking at vent.
  6. Sleeping with beak touching the floor.
35
Q

What kind of virus causes IBD?

A

A binavirus.
*Most readily isolated from Bursa of Fabricius.

36
Q

What does a IBD infection look like before 3 weeks of age?

A

Subclinical.

37
Q

When are chicks most susceptible to IBD?

A

3-6 weeks of age.

38
Q

What is the treatment for IBD?

A

No treatment, but support therapies like vitamins, electrolytes. Antibiotics for secondary infections.

39
Q

What is colibacillosis?

A

An infectious disease caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli).

40
Q

What are the signs of colibacillosis?

A
  1. Respiratory distress.
  2. Reduced appetite.
  3. Poor growth.
  4. Lesions post-mortem (Pericarditis, airsacculitis, perihepatitis) and peritonitis.
  5. Septicemia (severe cases).
41
Q

What age of poultry are most commonly affected by colibacillosis?

A

4-6 weeks of age.
*Responsible for significant proportion of mortality in poultry flock.

42
Q

What other disease is colibacillosis commonly a secondary infection to?

A

Mycoplasma gallisepticum.
*Other viral agents too.

43
Q

When is colibacillosis diagnosed and how?

A

Post-mortem by isolating a pure culture of E.coli from the heart, liver, or other lesions.

44
Q

What is the best way to prevent colibacillosis infection?

A
  1. Vaccinating against viral infections.
  2. Antimicrobial therapy.
45
Q

What is the most common and financially devastating bacterial disease in the modern broiler flock?

A

Necrotic enteritis.

46
Q

What are the signs of necrotic enteritis?

A
  1. Wet litter.
  2. Diarrhea.
  3. Increased mortality.
  4. Depressed growth rate (by 35d).
  5. Depressed feeding efficiency (by 35d).
47
Q

Why is necrotic enteritis devastating to broilers?

A
  1. Increased carcass condemnation due to lesions.
  2. There are many unknown factors that influence severity and occurrence of outbreaks, making it difficult to combat.
48
Q

What are the predisposing factors for necrotic enteritis?

A
  1. Dietary (high, viscous cereal grains).
  2. Husbandry practices.
49
Q

What is the causative organism for necrotic enteritis?

A

Clostridium perfringens (toxin-producing type).
*G+, anaerobic.

50
Q

How is necrotic enteritis prevented?

A
  1. Antibiotics (Bacitracin and avilamycin) in the feed.
51
Q

What is one of the most common and economically important disease of chickens worldwide?

A

Coccidiosis.

52
Q

What is the causative agent of coccidiosis?

A

A parasitic protozoa that lives in the intestines of the chicken.
*7 different species cause coccidiosis.

53
Q

When does the parasite cause intestinal damage/disease?

A

When it replicates.

54
Q

What are the signs of coccidiosis?

A
  1. Intestinal damage.
  2. Loss of appetite.
  3. Weight loss.
  4. Bloody diarrhea.
  5. Dehydration.
  6. Death.
  7. Production losses.
    *Varies by species.
    **No clinical signs may be shown.
55
Q

How is coccidiosis prevented?

A
  1. Hygiene.
  2. Vaccines.
  3. Anticoccidial drugs.
56
Q

What is the causative agent of salmonella?

A

A G- bacteria.

57
Q

What group does salmonella normally affect?

A

Young poults in their first few weeks of life.

58
Q

How is coccidiosis treated?

A

Antibiotic therapy.

59
Q

What are the signs of chlamydiosis?

A
  1. Weight loss.
  2. Inappetence.
  3. Sinusitis.
    4.Greenish-yellow feces.
  4. Ocular and nasal discharge.
60
Q

How is chlamydiosis treated?

A

Tetracycline antibiotics.

61
Q

What is fowl cholera?

A

A contagious bacterial infection that can be acute to chronic.

62
Q

What animals are most susceptible to fowl cholera?

A
  1. Turkeys.
  2. Older birds.
    *Rare in broilers.
63
Q

What is the causative agent of fowl cholera?

A

Pasteurella multocida.

64
Q

What are the signs of fowl cholera?

A
  1. Swollen face and wattle.
  2. Anorexia.
  3. Ataxia.
  4. Mucoid and oral discharge.
  5. Pneumonia (turkeys).
65
Q

How is fowl cholera treated?

A

Sulfonamide antibiotics and other antibiotics.
*Vxs are available, results are variable.

66
Q

What is ulcerative pododermatitis/bumblefoot?

A
  1. The swelling of the foot that progresses rapidly.
  2. The term for any degenerative or inflammatory condition of a bird foot.
67
Q

Where is bumblefoot commonly seen?

A

In captivity.

68
Q

How is bumblefoot treated?

A
  1. Soaking the foot in Epsom salt and chamomile tea.
  2. Antibiotics tx. (Based on culture results).
  3. Cleaning with 2% chlorohexidine or Betadine.
69
Q

What size are mites?

A

1 mm in diameter.

70
Q

What color are mites?

A

Dark reddish-black.

71
Q

What color are mite eggs?

A

White to off-white.

72
Q

Where are mite eggs laid?

A

Along the feather shaft.

73
Q

What size are lice?

A

2-3 mm in length.

74
Q

What color are lice?

A

Light brown.

75
Q

What color are lice feathers?

A

White.

76
Q

Where are lice eggs laid?

A

At the base of the feather.

77
Q

What are the symptoms of a mite or lice infection?

A
  1. Decreased feed intake.
  2. Decreased egg production.
  3. Decreased weight gain.
  4. Increased susceptibility to other diseases.
78
Q

What treatments are used against mites and lice?

A
  1. Sanitation and cleanliness for control.
  2. Dust bath with Sevin.
  3. Pyrethrin-based spray.
  4. Ivermectin medication.

ANS 432: Poultry Systems and Management (20 decks)

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