Postnatal history

Question 1

How long is the gestation period in pregnancy?

Answer 1

40 weeks

Red flag: <37 weeks

Question 2

Normal Birth Weight for a child?

Answer 2

normal is >2.5kg and <4.5kg

Red flag: <2.5kg

Question 3

APGAR interpretations?

Answer 3

Appearance: Blue/Blue-Pink/Pink
Pulse: absent/<100BPM/>100BPM
Grimace: no response/grimace no cry/active movement
Activity: absent/some flexion/arms and legs flexed
Respiration: Absent/weak cry/Strong cry

Performed at 1, 5 and 10 minutes
7-10 routine care
4-6 some assistance
0-3 full on resuscitation

Question 4

What is breech?

Answer 4

abnormal position of the baby during delivery, normal is head first

Question 5

What happened after birth?

Answer 5

• intervention needed

- Post natal complications ICU

Question 6

Normal age for stage skills?

Answer 6

Sitting alone 4-10 month
Crawling 5-14 month (5% dont crawl)
Walking 8-18 months
Running 12-24 months 
Jumping 24-36 months

Question 7

Red Flags Age for stage skills?

Answer 7

Sitting alone >10m
Crawling no red flag
Walking >20m
Running >24m
Jumping >36m

Question 8

Functional tests and normative findings?

Answer 8

Squatting, achieved after walking
Skipping, 6 years
Hopping, 4 years
Single leg stance, 3 years= 3 sec, 5 years= 10 sec, 8 years= 15 sec
Stairs, unaided stair climb generally achieved by 4 years

Looking for symmetry and quality of movement, use of hands may indicate compensation or pain

Question 9

Knee position observations?

Answer 9

6-12 months, moderate genu varum
18-24 months, legs straight
4 years, genu valgum
6 years, legs straight

Question 10

How to rate reflex respose?

Answer 10

0: absent
1: hypoactive
2: normal
3: brisk with clonus
4+: hyperactive with unsustained clonus
5: hyperactive with sustained clonus

Question 11

How to rate moto strength?

Answer 11

0: no movement
1: flicker
2: moves with gravity:
3: moves against gravity but not resistance
4: moderate movement against resistance
4-: slight movemetn against resistance
4+: submaximal movement against resistance
5: normal movement

Question 12

Diseases associated with hyporeflexia?

Answer 12

Lower motor neuron deficiency

• caused by injury or disease
• CMT
• Polio
• Muscular dystrophy
• Friedrich ataxia
• Stroke
• CP

Question 13

Diseases associated with hyperflexia?

Answer 13

Upper motor neuron deficiency

• caused by pathology (congenital), medication, stimulants, metabolic disorders and trauma
• Spinal cord injury
• Cerebral palsy
• Cerebellar ataxia
• Angelmanns syndromes