Posterior Teeth Identification Flashcards
What is a fossa?
A shallow depression
Three types of fossas found on some posterior teeth
Circular fossa
Triangular fossa
Irregular fossa
What is a circular fossa?
A rounded depression
What is a triangular fossa?
A v-shaped depression
What is an irregular fossa?
A depression without a definite shape
What is a ridge on a tooth?
A linear elevation, named by its location or direction
What type of ridge may you find on a posterior tooth?
Marginal ridge
Oblique ridge
Transverse ridge
Triangular ridge
What is a marginal ridge in posterior teeth?
a ridge around the perimeter of the occlusal surface
What is an oblique ridge?
a ridge that diagonally crosses the occlusal surface
What is a transverse ridge?
a ridge that crosses the occlusal surface from buccal to lingual
What is a triangular ridge?
a ridge that slants from the cusp tip toward a groove and forms a triangular slope
What is a groove?
A linear depression
Each posterior tooth has a _____unique to that tooth
primary groove pattern
What is a pit?
A pinpoint depression
What is a furcation?
the area on a root where it separates (forks or splits)
What is a bifurcation?
where a root divides into 2
What is a trifurcation?
where a root divides into 3
What are pulp horns?
portion of the pulp chamber that is elevated toward a cusp
What are pulp canals?
portion of the pulp located in the roots) of the tooth
Crown of each of these tooth has an occlusal surface
Posterior teeth
Occlusal surface of posterior teeth are bordered by
raised marginal ridges located on both mesial and distal surfaces
Occlusal surface of posterior teeth have how many cusps?
2 or more cusps
Posterior teeth have____ on the occlusal surface that mark the junction among developmental lobes
developmental grooves
branch from the developmental grooves
These grooves are not always present in the same pattern on the occlusal of each different tooth type
Supplemental grooves
What is the buccal height of contour for posterior permanent teeth?
Cervical third
What is the lingual height of contour for posterior teeth?
Middle third
the area where crowns of adjacent teeth in the same arch physically touch each other
The area of resistance when flossing between two teeth
Contact area
Posterior teeth have a____ contact area than anterior teeth
wider
Posterior teeth have a____ contact area than anterior teeth
wider
Contact area of posterior teeth is located to the
buccal of center
From a proximal (side) view, the curvature of the CEJ of posterior teeth is less or more pronounced than that of anterior teeth?
Less pronounced
There are how many posterior teeth in a primary dentition?
20
How many premolars are in a permanent dentition?
8
How many first premolars are in a permanent dentition?
4
How many second premolars are in a permanent dentition?
4
What are the two types of premolars?
1st and 2nd
How many molars are in a permanent dentition?
12
What are the three types of molars?
First second and third
How many first molars are in a permanent dentition?
4
How many second molars are in a permanent dentition?
4
How many third molars are in a permanent dentition?
4
The 8 most anteriorly placed posterior teeth in the permanent dentition
Premolars
How many first premolar and second premolars are present in each quadrant?
One of each
Permanent premolars are succedaneous; because they
replace the primary molars
These teeth assist the canines in tearing food, as well as assisting the molars with grinding food
Premolars
These teeth assist the canines in tearing food, as well as assisting the molars with grinding food
Premolars
These teeth in addition to the anterior teeth also help maintain the vertical dimension of the face, support the facial muscles (especially the muscles in the corners of the mouth)
Premolars
Premolars may all have what types of structures?
• cusps
• marginal ridges
• triangular ridges
• developmental grooves
• occlusal pits
Premolars have a shorter or longer crown than anterior teeth?
Shorter
Premolar buccal surface is ______ and has a prominent, centrally located _____.
Rounded; buccal ridge
Most premolars have how many roots?
Most of them have one except for the maxillary first premolars which have two
All premolars have:
Proximal root concavities
How many maxillary premolars are there?
4 maxillary premolars
What are the two types of maxillary premolars?
1st and 2nd premolars
How many premolars are in each quadrant?
2; one first premolar and one second premolar
Do the maxillary first premolars resemble each other?
Yes
A maxillary first premolar is larger or smaller than a maxillary second premolar?
Larger
Which erupt earlier? The mandibular premolars or the maxillary premolars?
Maxillary premolars
The crown of a maxillary premolar is _______from cervical to occlusal than the maxillary canine, but are ____ than the maxillary molars.
Shorter; longer
The maxillary premolars crown is ______over the root.
Centered
Do the crowns of the maxillary premolars show lingual inclination?
No
Both maxillary premolars have two cusps of almost ______size.
Equal
Roots of maxillary premolars have slight ___________inclination
Lingual and distal inclination
What are the universal teeth numbers for the maxillary first premolars?
5 and 12
What is the eruption date for the maxillary first premolars?
10-11 years old
When is the first evidence of calcification for maxillary first premolars?
1.5 years old
When is crown completion for maxillary first premolars?
5-6 years old
When is root completion for maxillary first premolars?
12-13 years old
Maxillary first premolars develop from how many developmental lobes?
4
Roots of maxillary first premolar are____, dividing into two roots (buccal and lingual) that are only seen from the proximal view
bifurcated
How many cusps do maxillary 1st premolars have? Where are the cusps?
Two cusps - one buccal, one lingual
How many roots do maxillary first premolars have?
Two roots - one buccal, one lingual
How many pulp canals do the roots of the maxillary premolars have?
Two pulp canals. One in each root
The maxillary premolars resemble canines but length wise they are ____
Shorter
From the proximal view, near the occlusal mesial marginal ridge, the maxillary first premolars will have a groove called ___
Mesial marginal groove
From the CEJ to the furcation, the maxillary first premolars will have a
Mesial root depression
Do maxillary first premolars have distal marginal ridges or a depression at the cervical portion of the crown?
No. Only the mesial proximal side has a marginal groove and a depression from the CEJ to the furcation
The two cusps of the maxillary first premolars are ___ defined
sharply
The buccal cusp of a maxillary first premolar is usually about how much higher than the lingual cusp?
1 mm
What shape are the maxillary first premolar crowns?
The crown has an angular shape with sharp outlines
_______is widest mesiodistally of all the premolars
Crown of maxillary first premolar
Maxillary first premolar crown is wide at______, becoming narrower at the______ (similar to the maxillary canine)
the level of the contact areas; CEJ
On the buccal surface of maxillary first premolars, there is a ________that is centrally located.
Prominent buccal ridge
The buccal cusp for maxillary first premolars is sharp and ___
Pointed
What is the shape of the maxillary first premolar mesially?
Concave from cervix to contact area ( middle third)
What is the mesial contact area for a maxillary first premolar?
Middle third
What does the mesial cusp slope look like for a maxillary first premolar?
Straighter and longer than the distal
The only tooth in the permanent dentition that has a buccal cusp with the mesial cusp slope longer than the distal cusp slope, which helps to distinguish the right from the left
Maxillary first premolar
From the buccal view, only the ____root is visible in a maxillary first premolar.
Buccal
Do maxillary first premolars have imbrication lines and perikymata?
Yes
Where are the imbrication lines and perikymata on a maxillary first premolar?
Imbrication lines and perikymata present at the cervical third
From a lingual view of maxillary first premolar, are both cusp visible?
Yes
The lingual cusp of a maxillary first premolar is ______ than buccal cusp, and not as sharp
Shorter, smoother and more narrow
From a proximal view, are both cusps of a maxillary first premolar visible?
Yes
From the proximal view, are both roots of maxillary first premolar visible?
Yes
For the maxillary first premolars, the cusps are in line with the
Roots
From a buccal view of maxillary first premolar, are both cusp visible?
No. Only buccal cusp is visible
For a maxillary first premolar, if viewed from the proximal surface, the bifurcated roots are ____, then from there _____.
Straight until the apical third; towards each other
If viewed from proximal surface, The maxillary first premolars roots bifurcate for ___
one-half of its length with a deep mesial interradicular groove
If view from proximal surface, the CEJ of the maxillary first premolars have a deeper curve on the
mesial
If viewed from the occlusal surface, the maxillary first premolars shape of the crown is
Hexagonal
From the occlusal surface, are the buccal and lingual cusps and surfaces of the maxillary first premolar visible?
Yes
Why can we see the buccal and lingual surfaces on the occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar?
The cusps curve inwards
From an occlusal view, we can see that the buccal cusp of maxillary first premolars are centered between ____
Mesial and distal side
When viewed from the occlusal surface, is the lingual cusp ridge of buccal cusp (buccal triangular ridge) present on a maxillary first premolar?
Yes
When the maxillary first premolar is viewed from the occlusal surface, we can see that the lingual cusp is offset to the ____
mesial
When the maxillary first premolar is viewed from the occlusal surface, we can see that the____shaped fossae are present mesially and distally
Triangular
When viewed from the occlusal surface, do the maxillary first premolars have supplemental grooves?
Yes. They have several.
When the maxillary first premolar is viewed from the occlusal surface, it is common to find a ___ where two grooves converge
Pit
When the maxillary first premolar is viewed from the occlusal surface, it is common to find a ___ where two grooves converge
Pits
When the maxillary first premolar is viewed from the occlusal surface, it is common for it to have ______pits.
Mesial and distal
What are the teeth numbers for the maxillary second premolars in the Universal Numbering System?
4 and 13
What is the Eruption date for Maxillary second premolars?
10-12 years old
When is the First evidence of calcification in maxillary second premolars?
2 years old
When is Crown completion in maxillary second premolars?
6-7 years old
When is root completion in maxillary second premolars?
12-14 years old
Maxillary first premolars are the succedaneous replacements for the
primary 1st molars
Maxillary second premolars are succedaneous replacements for
Primary 2nd molars
Maxillary second premolars develop from how many developmental lobes?
4
Maxillary second premolars have how many cusps?
2
Each maxillary second premolar has 2 cusps. What type of cusps are they?
Buccal and lingual cusps
How many roots does a maxillary second premolar have?
One with either one or two pulp canals
In maxillary second premolars, the mesial slope is ___than the distal slope.
Shorter
What is the length of the cusps of maxillary second premolars to each other?
Both cusps are about the same length (lingual is slightly shorter, but not as significantly as the lingual cusp of the max. first premolar)
Do maxillary second premolar crowns have mesial marginal grooves and depressions on CEJ when viewed from proximal?
No. No mesial marginal grooves and no concavity in crown at CEJ. However sometimes from occlusal view, there might be a mesial marginal groove BUT it rarely extends onto the mesial surface
In maxillary second premolars, when viewed from proximal, a shallow ____ is evident on the mesial surface.
Depression
When viewed from the buccal view, the maxillary second premolars, Buccal cusp is_______ as that of a maxillary first premolar
neither as long nor as sharp
When viewed from the buccal view, the maxillary second premolars, Buccal cusp is_______ as that of a maxillary first premolar
neither as long nor as sharp
When viewed from the buccal view, the maxillary second premolars, locater centerally is a
Prominent buccal ridge
When viewed from the buccal view, the maxillary second premolars’ mesial side shape is
concave from cervix to contact area
When viewed from the buccal view, the maxillary second premolars contact area is
Middle third
When viewed from the buccal view, the maxillary second premolars cusp slopes mesially and distally are
Distal cusp slope is longer than the mesial cusp slope
When viewed from a lingual view, are the maxillary second premolars cusps both visible?
Yes but more difficult to see the buccal cusp due to lingual cusp not being as short as that of a maxillary first premolar
When viewing the lingual cusp from the lingual surface of a maxillary second premolar, we would see that the cusp is
Smooth and almost the same height as the buccal cusp.
In maxillary first and second premolars on the lingual surface, are both distal and mesial surfaces visible?
Yes
Like the maxillary first premolar, the maxillary second premolar when viewed from the lingual and occlusal surfaces’ the lingual cusp is _____ displaced
Slightly Mesially
From the proximal view, are the two cusps on the maxillary second premolars visible?
Yes
For maxillary second premolars, does the distal view show grooves and depressions on distal crown
No
When viewed proximally, the maxillary second premolar CEJ has a slightly deeper curve on the
mesial
When viewed from the occlusal view, the shape of a maxillary second premolar crown is slightly more ______ than that of a maxillary first premolar.
Rounded
When viewed from the occlusal view, the shape of a maxillary second premolar crown is slightly more rounded than that of a maxillary first premolar. Its is also slightly ____ which is more difficult to see than on a maxillary 1st premolar.
Hexagonal
When viewed from the occlusal view, the buccal cusp of a maxillary second premolar crown is ______ and the lingual cusp is_____.
Centered between mesial and distal side
Offset to the mesial
When viewed from the occlusal view, the buccal cusp of a maxillary second premolar crown is ______ and the lingual cusp is_____.
Centered between mesial and distal side
Offset to the mesial
The maxillary second premolars have more or less supplemental grooves than maxillary first premolars.
More supplemental grooves
On maxillary second premolars, when viewed from occlusal, it is common to find ___where two or more grooves converge
Mesial and distal pits
On maxillary second premolars, when viewed from occlusal, it is common to find ___where two or more grooves converge
Mesial and distal pits
How many mandibular premolars are there?
4 mandibular premolars
What are the two types of mandibular premolars?
1st and 2nd premolars
How many mandibular premolars are in each quad?
- 1 of each type.
Mandibular premolars have how many cusps?
Two. But mandibular second premolars can have three 55% of the time
What are the two types of cusps that two cusped mandibular second premolars have?
Buccal and lingual
Mandibular premolars typically have how many roots?
One
Do mandibular premolars resemble each other?
No
Mandibular first premolar is typically smaller or larger than mandibular second premolar?
Smaller
Mandibular first premolar is typically smaller or larger than mandibular second premolar?
Smaller
The buccal outline of the crown on all mandibular premolars shows a strong _____when viewed from the proximal
lingual inclination
Mesial and distal contact areas of mandibular premolars are
on nearly the same level. Both have a contact area at middle third
For mandibular premolars, similar CEJ curvatures are found on
Both premolars
Mandibular premolars have a much larger or small buccal cusp than lingual cusp?
Larger
The roots of mandibular premolars have _____inclination
Slightly distal
Why are the roots of mandibular canines only have distal inclination and not lingual and distal inclination like the maxillary canines?
For the purpose of occlusion, the maxillary arch must cover or hang over mandibular arch
What are the teeth numbers for the mandibular first premolars?
21 and 28
What is the eruption date for the mandibular first premolars?
10-12 years old
When is the First evidence of calcification for mandibular first premolars?
1.25-2 years old
When is crown completion for mandibular first premolars?
5-6 years old
When is Root completion for mandibular first premolars?
12-13 years old
Permanent mandibular first premolars replace the
Primary first molars
Permanent mandibular second premolars replace
Primary 2nd molars
Mandibular first premolars develop from how many developmental lobes?
4 developmental lobes
Mandibular first premolars resemble a mandibular canine in some ways but its size for one is ___ overall than a canine
Smaller
Mandibular first premolars have how many roots?
Usually one but sometimes tends to bifurcate at the apex
Mandibular first premolars have how many cusps?
Two
What type of cusps do mandibular first premolars have?
Buccal and lingual cusps
The buccal cusp of mandibular first premolars is
Long and sharp
How many cusps of the mandibular first premolar are functional?
One
Which cusps of the mandibular first premolars are functional in occlusion?
The buccal cusp is the only functional cusp in occlusion for this tooth
The lingual cusp of mandibular first premolars are
usually small and nonfunctioning
Mandibular first premolar roots are _____ than mandibular second premolar roots
Smaller and shorter
The buccal aspect of root of mandibular first premolars is more
Rounded/conical
The lingual aspect of root of mandibular first premolar is more wide or tapered?
Tapered
On the lingual non functioning cusp on the mandibular first premolar towards the mesial marginal ridge, you will find
A mesiolingual groove
On mandibular first premolars, you may find this on the distal root surface.
A deep groove
At the buccal view, mandibular first premolars have this centrally located structure
A prominent buccal ridge
The buccal cusp shape of mandibular first premolars from a buccal view is
Pointed
The buccal cusp shape of mandibular first premolars from a buccal view is
Pointed
The cervix of a mandibular first premolar is
Narrow
From the buccal view, we can see that a mandibular first premolar sometimes curves
Distally
From the buccal view, we can see that a mandibular first premolar sometimes curves
Distally
From the buccal view, what is the shape of the mesial side of a mandibular first premolar?
Concave from cervix to the contact area
From the buccal view, what is the shape of the mesial side of a mandibular first premolar?
Concave from cervix to the contact area
From a buccal view, Where is the contact area for mandibular first premolars?
Middle third
From a buccal view, what is the shape of the distal side of a mandibular first premolar?
Concave from the cervix to contact area
From a buccal view, what is the shape of the distal side of a mandibular first premolar?
Concave from the cervix to contact area
The mandibular first premolar mesial cusp slope is ____ than the distal cusp slope
shorter
Where is the contact area on the distal side of mandibular first premolars?
Middle third
Where is the contact area on the distal side of mandibular first premolars?
Middle third
On the buccal view of mandibular first premolars, the distal cusp slope is____ than the mesial cusp slope
longer
From a lingual view, the lingual surface of mandibular first premolar is much___ than the buccal, with crown tapering to the____
narrower; lingual
From a lingual view of a mandibular first premolar, can the mesial and distal surfaces can be seen from this view?
Yes
From a lingual view of a mandibular first premolar, can the mesial and distal surfaces can be seen from this view?
Yes
The mandibular first premolar has a short lingual cusp that is ___the height of the crown.
2/3
From a lingual view on the mandibular first premolar, the _____delineates the lingual cusp
Mesiolingual groove
From a lingual view on the mandibular first premolar, the _____delineates the lingual cusp
Mesiolingual groove
From a proximal view of the mandibular first premolars, are both cusps visible?
Yes
From a proximal view, the buccal cusp of a mandibular first premolar is centered over
The root
From a proximal view, the buccal cusp of a mandibular first premolar is centered over
The root
From the proximal view of a mandibular first premolar, is the occlusal surface visible?
Yes
From the proximal view of a mandibular first premolar, is the occlusal surface visible?
Yes
From the proximal view of a mandibular first premolar, is the occlusal surface visible?
Yes
From a proximal view of mandibular first premolars, the mesiolingual groove interrupts
The mesiomarginal ridge with deep developmental groove (mesial view)
From a proximal view of mandibular first premolar, there is a _____in cervical line from mesial aspect
slight curve
From a proximal view, mandibular first premolars have___ root with a ____ at the apical third
broad; deep developmental groove
From a proximal view, the cervical line on the distal of mandibular first premolars is
Straight
From a proximal view, the mandibular first premolars have a concavity near the _____from the distal aspect
Cervical line of the crown
From the occlusal view: is a mandibular first premolar’s buccal surface visible?
Yes
From the occlusal view: is a mandibular first premolar’s buccal surface visible?
Yes
On the occlusal surface, mandibular first premolars have two irregular ___
Fossae
What two irregular fossae are present on the occlusal surface of mandibular first premolars?
Mesial and distal fossae
What two irregular fossae are present on the occlusal surface of mandibular first premolars?
Mesial and distal fossae
On the occlusal surface of mandibular first premolars, there is a ____ that runs from the labial to the lingual surface on the occlusal surface
Prominent Transverse ridge
From the occlusal, the crown outline of the mandibular first premolars is
Diamond shaped with a notch on the mesial outline at the mesiolingual groove
What are the teeth numbers for the mandibular second premolars in the universal numbering system?
20 and 29
What is the eruption date for mandibular 2nd pre-molars ?
11-12 years old
When is first evidence of calcification for mandibular second premolars?
2.5 years old
When is crown completion for mandibular 2nd pre-molars?
6-7 years old
When is root completion for mandibular 2nd pre-molars?
13-14 years old
The mandibular 2nd pre-molars replace the
primary second molars
The mandibular second premolar is composed of how many developmental lobes?
4
How many roots does a mandibular 2nd pre-molar have ?
One
How many pulp canals does a mandibular 2nd pre-molar have?
One pulp canal
A mandibular second premolar root is ______than the root of a mandibular first pre-molar.
larger and longer
What are the two forms of mandibular 2nd pre-molars?
3 cusps mandibular second premolars and 2 cusps mandibular second premolar
A three cusped mandibular 2nd pre-molar occurs____ of the time.
55%
A two cusps mandibular second premolar occurs ____of the time
45%
What are the names of the three cusps for a three cusped mandibular second premolar?
Buccal cusp
Mesiolingual cusp
Distolingual cusp
What are the names of the two cusps for a two cusped mandibular second premolar?
Buccal and lingual cusps
