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Nervous System Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Located within the sensory root is the

A

trigeminal ganglion

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2
Q

The largest sensory ganglion in the nervous system

A

Trigeminal ganglion

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3
Q

The Trigeminal ganglion contains various

A

peptides and neurotransmitters

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4
Q

Involved in sensory transmission, particularly nociception

A

Trigeminal ganglion

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5
Q

Nociception

A

the detection of painful stimuli (pain)

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6
Q

Sensory root of trigeminal nerve divides into what 3 segments anterior to the trigeminal ganglion?

A

Ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

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7
Q

All three segments of the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve pass into the skull through

A

different fissures or foramina in the sphenoid bone

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8
Q

Ophthalmic nerve passes into the skull through the

A

superior orbital fissure

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9
Q

Maxillary nerve passes into the skull through the

A

foramen rotundum

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10
Q

Mandibular nerve passes into the skull through the

A

foramen ovale

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11
Q

The mandibular nerve of the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve travels and functions with the

A

motor root of the trigeminal nerve

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12
Q

Ophthalmic nerve provides sensation to the

A

upper face and scalp

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13
Q

Maxillary nerve provides sensation to the

A

mid face

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14
Q

Mandibular nerve provides sensation to the

A

lower face

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15
Q

Motor root of the trigeminal nerve controls

A

muscles of mastication and muscles in the floor of the mouth

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16
Q

Ophthalmic nerve divides into what three branches?

A

Frontal nerve
Nasociliary nerve
Lacrimal nerve

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17
Q

Frontal nerve provides sensation to the

A

forehead and anterior scalp

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18
Q

Nasociliary nerve provides sensation to the

A

eyelids and sides of the nose

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19
Q

Lacrimal nerve provides sensation to the

A

upper eyelids, conjunctiva, and lacrimal glands

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20
Q

The ophthalmic nerve Also contains parasympathetic fibers responsible for

A

production of lacrimal fluid

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21
Q

What is Shingles (herpes zoster)?

A

Unilateral painful vesicles and/or ulcers which follow the pathway of the involved nerve

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22
Q

_______ is most commonly affected by shingles

A

The facial area served by the ophthalmic nerve (or ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, V1)

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23
Q

Chickenpox (varicella) is caused by

A

acute infection with VZV (varicella zoster virus)

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24
Q

Shingles (herpes zoster) is caused by

A

reactivation of dormant VZV in tissue of cranial nerve V (trigeminal)

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25
Q

Reactivation of VZV causing shingles may be associated with

A

immunodeficiency

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26
Q

If involving the eyes, shingles can cause

A

blindness

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27
Q

If involving the skin, shingles may result in

A

neuralgia (painful area

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28
Q

Vaccines for VZV can prevent both

A

chickenpox and shingles

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29
Q

Treatment of shingles is

A

supportive: possibly antivirals such as acyclovir

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30
Q

Maxillary nerve divides into several branches, including:

A

• Infraorbital nerve
• Zygomatic nerve
• Anterior superior alveolar nerve
• Middle superior alveolar nerve
• Posterior superior alveolar nerve
• Greater palatine nerve
• Lesser palatine nerve
• Nasopalatine nerves

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31
Q

All of the branches of the maxillary nerve begin at the

A

pterygopalatine ganglion, located within the pterygopalatine fossa

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32
Q

All of the branches of the maxillary nerve begin at the

A

pterygopalatine ganglion, located within the pterygopalatine fossa

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33
Q

The zygomatic nerve Provides sensation to the

A

skin of the cheek
skin of the temporal region

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34
Q

The infraorbital nerve passes through the

A

infraorbital foramen of the maxilla

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35
Q

The infraorbital nerve Provides sensation to the

A

skin of the cheek, the upper lip, the lateral aspect of the nose, and the ipsilateral upper teeth

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36
Q

The infraorbital foramen of the maxilla is a landmark for the

A

infraorbital block

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37
Q

An infraorbital block Anesthetizes

A

the infraorbital nerve as well as both the anterior and middle superior alveolar nerves

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38
Q

The infraorbital nerve travels posteriorly along the ________ and the Anterior superior alveolar nerve branches from the ____

A

infraorbital canal, infraorbital nerve

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39
Q

The Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerve Provides sensation to the

A

maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines

labial periodontium and gingiva associated with these teeth

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40
Q

The ASA nerve runs through the ____ in the teeth, exits the pulp chamber through the

A

pulp; apical foramina

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41
Q

The ASA nerve is one of three nerves that make up the

A

superior dental plexus

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42
Q

A network of nerves in the upper iaw that supplies sensation to the upper teeth, gums, and surrounding tissues

A

superior dental plexus

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43
Q

superior dental plexus is Made up of what three nerves?

A

• anterior superior alveolar nerve (ASA),
• middle superior alveolar nerve (MSA), and
• posterior superior alveolar nerve
(PSA).

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44
Q

The superior dental plexus nerves descend from the ______and then anastomose to form the plexus

A

maxillary nerve and infraorbital nerve

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45
Q

The ASA nerve can be anesthetized by:

A

• Infraorbital block - Anesthetizes the infraorbital nerve as well as both the anterior and middle superior alveolar nerves
• Anterior and middle superior alveolar block -
A palatal injection that anesthetizes the anterior and middle superior alveolar nerves

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46
Q

The ASA nerve can be involved in _____ to the contralateral side in a patient

A

crossover innervation

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47
Q

Crossover innervation

A

the overlap of terminal nerve fibers from the contralateral side of the dental arch

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48
Q

The middle superior alveolar nerve provides sensation to the

A

maxillary premolar teeth and the MB root of the maxillary first molar

buccal periodontium and gingiva associated with these teeth

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49
Q

The MSA nerve runs through the ____ in the teeth, exits the pulp chamber through

A

pulp; the apical foramina

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50
Q

The MSA nerve is one of three nerves that make up the

A

superior dental plexus

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51
Q

The middle superior alveolar nerve can be anesthetized by:

A

• Infraorbital block - Anesthetizes the infraorbital nerve as well as both the anterior and middle superior alveolar nerves
• Anterior and middle superior alveolar block -
A palatal injection that anesthetizes the anterior and middle superior alveolar nerves

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52
Q

The MSA nerve is not always present but present in approximately ____ of the population

A

28%

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53
Q

The MSA nerve is not always present but present in approximately ____ of the population

A

28%

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54
Q

If MSA nerve is not present, the area is innervated by both the

A

ASA and posterior superior alveolar nerves, but mainly by the ASA nerve

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55
Q

If present, there is also communication between the MSA nerve and

A

both the ASA nerve and posterior superior alveolar nerve

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56
Q

Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve provides sensation to the

A

mucous membranes of the maxillary sinus
Provides sensation to the maxillary molars
Provides sensation to buccal periodontium and gingiva associated with these teeth

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57
Q

The PSA nerve runs through the___ in the teeth, exits the pulp chamber through the

A

pulp; apical foramina

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58
Q

The PSA nerve is one of three nerves that make up the

A

superior dental plexus

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59
Q

The PSA nerve can be anesthetized by:

A

Posterior superior alveolar block -
Anesthetizes the posterior superior alveolar nerve

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60
Q

Greater palatine nerve Provides sensation to the

A

posterior hard palate and associated palatal periodontium and gingiva of the ipsilateral maxillary posterior teeth

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61
Q

Greater palatine nerve Passes through the

A

greater palatine foramen

62
Q

Lesser palatine nerve Provides sensation to the

A

soft palate and palatine tonsils

63
Q

Lesser palatine nerve Passes through the

A

lesser palatine foramen

64
Q

The GP nerve can be anesthetized by:

A
  • Greater palatine block - Anesthetizes the greater palatine nerve
  • Anterior and middle superior alveolar block -
A palatal injection that anesthetizes the anterior and middle superior alveolar nerves as well as the GP nerve
65
Q

Nasopalatine Nerve Provides sensation to the

A

anterior hard palate and associated palatal periodontium and gingiva of the ipsilateral maxillary anterior teeth

Provides sensation to the nasal septum

66
Q

Nasopalatine Nerve Passes through the

A

sphenopalatine foramen and then the incisive foramen

67
Q

The NP nerve can be anesthetized by:

A
  • Nasopalatine block - Anesthetizes the nasopalatine nerve
  • Anterior and middle superior alveolar block -
A palatal injection that anesthetizes the anterior and middle superior alveolar nerves, GP nerve, and NP nerve
68
Q

Mandibular nerve of the trigeminal nerve has a main trunk that further divides into what two branches?

A
  • In the main trunk (before the split), the branches are:
  • Meningeal branches (Afferent)
  • Medial ptergoid nerve (Efferent)
69
Q

What are the two divisions of the mandibular nerve after the split?

A

Anterior and posterior división

70
Q

What nerves make up the anterior division of the mandibular nerve?

A
  • Masseteric nerve (Efferent)
  • Deep temporal nerves (Efferent)
  • Buccal nerve (Afferent)
  • Lateral ptergoid nerve (Efferent)
71
Q

What nerves make up the Posterior division of the mandibular nerve?

A
  • Auriculotemporal nerve (Afferent)
  • Lingual nerve (Afferent)
  • Inferior alveolar nerve (Efferent and afferent)
72
Q

Buccal nerve is an ___ nerve

73
Q

Buccal nerve Provides sensation to the

A

skin of the cheek, buccal mucosa

periodontium and gingiva associated with the mandibular molars

74
Q

This nerve must not be confused with the buccal branch of the facial nerve

A

The buccal nerve of the anterior division of the mandibular nerve

75
Q

The buccal nerve (long buccal nerve) can be anesthetized by:

A
  • Buccal block
  • Gow-Gates mandibular block - An injection at the neck of the condyle that anesthetizes almost the entire mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
76
Q

The deep temporal nerves Arise from the

A

motor root of the trimgeminal nerve

77
Q

The deep temporal nerves are____ nerves

78
Q

How many deep temporal nerves are there?

A

Usually 2 in number

79
Q

The deep temporal nerves Provides innervation to the

A

temporalis muscle

80
Q

Masseteric Nerve Arises from the

A

motor root of the trigeminal nerve

81
Q

The masseteric nerve is an___ nerve

A

Efferent but has a small sensory branch

82
Q

Masseteric nerve Provides innervation to the

A

masseter muscle

83
Q

A small sensory branch of this nerve goes to the temporomandibular joint

A

Masseteric nerve

84
Q

Lateral Pterygoid Nerve Arises from the

A

motor root of the trimgeminal nerve

85
Q

The lateral pterygoid nerve is an_____ nerve

86
Q

The lateral pterygoid nerve Provides innervation to the

A

lateral pterygoid muscle

87
Q

Auriculotemporal Nerve is an ____nerve

88
Q

Auriculotemporal nerve Provides sensation to

A

the external ear, scalp, and temporomandibular joint

89
Q

Lingual Nerve is an ___nerve

90
Q

Lingual Nerve Provides sensation to the

A

associated lingual periodontium and gingiva of the mandibular teeth, body of the tongue and floor of the mouth

91
Q

The lingual nerve Contains parasympathetic fibers for the

A

sublingual and submandibular glands

92
Q

The lingual nerve can be anesthetized by:

A
  • Inferior alveolar block
93
Q

Current thought has implicated most of the paresthesia of the mandible after local anesthesia administration with trauma to the

A

lingual nerve

94
Q

Inferior Alveolar Nerve is an ____nerve

95
Q

Inferior alveolar nerve Passes through the

A

mandibular foramen

96
Q

The inferior alveolar nerve Travels within the

A

mandibular canal

97
Q

The inferior alveolar nerve Provides sensation to the

A

mandibular teeth and associated facial periodontium and gingiva of the mandibular anterior teeth and premolars

Provides sensation to the labial mucosa through its incisive and mental branches

98
Q

The inferior alveolar nerve Has what three significant branches?

A
  • Mental nerve
  • Incisive nerve
  • Mylohyoid nerve
99
Q

The lA nerve is one of three nerves that make up the

A

inferior dental plexus

100
Q

Inferior Dental Plexus

A

A network of nerves in the lower jaw that supplies sensation to the lower teeth, gums, and surrounding tissues

101
Q

The inferior dental plexus is Made up of what three nerves?

A
  • Inferior alveolar nerve (IA)
  • Mental nerve
  • Incisive nerve
102
Q

These plexus of nerves descend from branches of the mandibular nerve

A

Inferior dental plexus

103
Q

The lA nerve can be anesthetized by:

A

Inferior alveolar block

104
Q

Mental Nerve is an ____nerve

105
Q

The mental nerve Exits the mandible

A

through the mental foramen

106
Q

The mental nerve Provides sensation to the

A

chin, lower lip, labial mucosa

Provides sensation to the associated periodontium and gingiva of the mandibular anterior teeth and premolars

107
Q

The mental nerve is one of three nerves that make up the

A

Inferior dental plexus

108
Q

The mental nerve can be anesthetized by:

A

Mental block

109
Q

Incisive Nerve is an ___nerve

110
Q

Incisive nerve Travels within the

A

Anterior continuation of the mandibular canal

111
Q

The incisive nerve Provides sensation to

A

mandibular anterior teeth and premolars

associated periodontium and gingiva of the mandibular anterior teeth and premolars

112
Q

The incisive nerve is one of three nerves that make up the

A

inferior dental plexus

113
Q

The incisive nerve can be anesthetized by:

A

Incisive block

114
Q

Has the same landmark as the mental block, which is the opening of the mental foramen but is Technique sensitive, as it requires pressure to direct the anesthetic inside the mental foramen

A

Incisive block

115
Q

When preforming an incisive block what should be considered?

A

Crossover innervation should be considered

116
Q

Mylohyoid Nerve is an___ nerve

117
Q

Mylohyoid Nerve Provides motor innervation to the

A

mylohyoid muscle and anterior belly of the digastric muscle

118
Q

AKA tic douloureux

A

Trigeminal Neuralgia

119
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia

A

Chronic pain condition that Causes sudden, intense Electrifying, stabbing, sharp, or shooting facial pain lasting for seconds or minutes occuring multiple times per day

120
Q

Cause of Trigeminal Neuralgia

A
  • No known cause
121
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia Affects

A

right side more often than left side

122
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia Involves the

A

afferent components of the fifth cranial or trigeminal nerve and Usually involves the maxillary or mandibular nerve branches but not the ophthalmic branch

123
Q

Facial Nerves are_____ nerves.

A

Efferent and afferent

124
Q

The Efferent nerves of the facial nerves control

A

the muscles of facial expression and posterior suprahyoid muscles

125
Q

The efferent nerves of the facial nerves Also provides parasympathetic innervation to the

A

lacrimal gland, submandibular salivary gland, and sublingual salivary gland

126
Q

The Afferent nerves of the facial nerve - serves

A

a tiny patch of skin behind the ear, and taste sensation with the taste buds of certain lingual papillae from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue

127
Q

The facial nerve Leaves the cranial cavity by passing through the ___ and exits the skill thru the

A

internal acoustic meatus; stylomastoid foramen

128
Q

Facial Nerve Branches into what three segments?

A
  • Facial nerve (Main trunk)
  • Chorda tympani
  • Greater petrosal nerve
129
Q

Greater Petrosal Nerve branches from the facial nerve when?

A

before the facial nerve exits the stylomastoid foramen

130
Q

The greater petrosal nerve is an ___ nerve

A

Efferent nerve but carries afferent fibers

131
Q

The greater petrosal efferent nerves supply parasympathetic innervation to

A

most of the face’s glands, including the lacrimal, nasopharyngeal, and palatine mucosal glands

132
Q

The greater petrosal nerve Carries afferent fibers for

A

general sensation from the nasal mucosa, and taste in the palate

133
Q

Chorda tympani nerve branches from the facial nerve when?

A

before the facial nerve exits the stylomastoid foramen

134
Q

Chorda tympani nerve is an ____nerve

A

Efferent nerve but carries afferent fibers

135
Q

The efferent nerves of the chorda tympani nerve Supplies parasympathetic innervation to

A

the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

136
Q

The chorda tympani nerve Carries afferent fibers for

A

taste for the anterior two-thirds of the tongue

137
Q

The chorda tympani exits the skull by the

A

petrotympanic fissure, located posterior to the TMJ

138
Q

chorda tympani nerve travels with the

A

lingual nerve along the floor of the mouth

139
Q

The Posterior Auricular, Stylohyoid, &
Posterior Digastric Nerves Branches from the facial nerve when?

A

after the facial nerve exits the stylomastoid foramen

140
Q

The posterior auricular, stylohyoid, and posterior digastric are ___ nerves

141
Q

Posterior auricular nerve supplies the

A

occipital belly of the epicranial muscle, & some small muscles that move the auricle

142
Q

Stylohyoid nerve supplies the

A

stylohyoid muscle

143
Q

Posterior digastric nerve supplies the

A

posterior belly of the digastric muscle

144
Q

Additional efferent nerve branches of the facial nerve originate within the parotid salivary gland and pass to the muscles they innervate. There are what five simple branches?

A
  • Temporal branches
  • Zygomatic branches
  • Buccal branches
  • Mandibular branches
  • Cervical branches
145
Q

Typically The temporal branches supply___

A
  • Muscles anterior to the ear
  • Frontal belly of the epicranial muscle
  • Superior part of the orbicularis oculi muscle
  • Corrugator supercilii muscle
146
Q

Typically, The zygomatic branches supply:

A
  • Inferior part of the orbicularis oculi muscle
  • Zygomaticus major and minor muscles
147
Q

Typically, The buccal branches supply:

A
  • Muscles of the upper lip
  • Nose
  • Buccinator
  • Risorius
  • Orbicularis oris muscles
148
Q

The zygomatic and buccal branches are usually

A

closely associated, exchanging many fibers

149
Q

Typically, The mandibular branch supplies:

A
  • Muscles of the lower lip
  • Mentalis muscle
150
Q

The cervical branch runs inferior to the mandible to supply:

A

Platysma muscle

151
Q

Bell’s Palsy Involves

A

unilateral facial paralysis

152
Q

Bell’s Palsy Has no known cause, except

A

that there is a loss of excitability of the involved facial nerve

Dental Tissues (20 decks)

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