Anterior Teeth Indentification Flashcards
Anterior teeth are composed of how many developmental lobes?
Four
How many developmental lobes are in the labial of anterior teeth?
3
Name the three labial developmental lobes.
Mesiolabial lobe
Distolabial lobe
Middle labial lobe
The developmental depressions separating the three labial lobes are
The mesiolabial developmental depression and the distolabial developmental depression
How many developmental lobes are in the lingual of anterior teeth?
1
The biting surface or edge of the anterior teeth is called the
Incisal edge, incisal ridge or incisal surface
What are succedaneous teeth?
The permanent teeth that come to replace primary teeth.
The succedaneous anterior teeth replace
The primary teeth of the same type
How many of the anterior teeth are succedaneous?
All of them
How many permanent anterior teeth are in the mouth?
12
How many permanent incisors are in the mouth?
8
How many permanent central incisors are in the mouth?
4
How many permanent lateral incisors are in the mouth?
4
How many permanent canines are in the mouth?
4
What are the three types of permanent anterior teeth?
Central incisors, lateral incisors and canines
If viewed from the proximal, the shape of all anterior teeth would be what shape?
Triangular
If the shape of all anteriors from a proximal view would be triangular, where would be the base of the triangle and where would be the apex of the triangle.
At the cervical third/cervix (base)
At the incisal third/incisal ridge (apex)
The incisors function in chewing is
Biting and cutting
The canines’ function in chewing is
Tearing, ripping, cutting
From the labial view (mesial and distal), the height of contour of all anterior teeth is
Incisal third
If viewed proximally or labial-lingually, the height of contour of all anterior teeth is
Cervical third
What is a contact area?
The area where crowns of adjacent teeth in the same arch physically touch each other
In comparison to posterior teeth, is the contact area between anterior teeth larger or smaller?
Smaller
What is the CEJ?
Cementoenamal junction
What is the cementoenamel junction?
The part of the tooth where the enamel and cementum come together at the neck of the tooth.
In comparison with the posterior teeth, when viewed from the proximal view, the curvature of the CEJ of anterior teeth is greater or lesser?
Greater
What is the cingulum?
A raised area on the cervical third of the lingual surface of all anterior teeth
What are marginal ridges in anterior teeth?
A rounded and raised area on a tooth that forms the borders of the lingual surface of anterior teeth. The borders are found mesially and distally
Some anterior teeth have a complex lingual surface. Name some complex structure that you might find on the lingual surface or an anterior tooth.
Development grooves
Lingual fossa
Developmental pits
Supplemental grooves
What is a lingual fossa?
A shallow, wide depression on the lingual surface of anterior teeth
What is the difference between a developmental depression and a developmental groove in anterior teeth?
Both mark the junction between developmental lobes but a developmental groove is v shaped linear depression on the lingual surface and a developmental depression is a concavity separating the labial lobes.
What are developmental pits on anterior teeth?
Pits located in the deepest part of each fossa (lingual for anterior)
What is a supplemental groove in anterior teeth?
A shallow more irregular linear depression in addition to developmental groove on the lingual surface of some anterior teeth
How many roots does an anterior tooth have?
One. But sometimes two.
Anterior teeth with one root will have how many pulp canals?
Usually one but sometimes two
Anterior teeth with two roots will usually have how many pulp canals?
Two pulp canals
What is the inclination of maxillary anterior teeth?
Lingual and slightly distal
What is the inclination of mandibular anterior teeth?
Varies from vertical to lingual
Which anterior teeth are closest to the midline?
Central incisors
Which anterior teeth are second closest to the midline?
Lateral incisors
How many central and lateral incisors are present in each quadrant?
1 of each
Which anterior teeth support the lips and face and helps maintain vertical dimension?
Incisors
What are mamelons?
Rounded enamel extensions on the incisal ridge from the labial or lingual views of newly erupted incisors
Newly erupted incisors have how many mamelons?
3
Mamelons typically eventually undergo ___as the teeth move into occlusion, becoming less detectable over time
Attrition
What is attrition?
Wearing away of a tooth surface
The lingual surface of incisors have what that corresponds to the lingual developmental lobe?
A cingulum
Which type of teeth have mamelons?
Incisors
The height of contour for incisal teeth labial and lingually is
Cervical third
What are the universal numbers for the maxillary central incisors?
8 and 9
When do the maxillary central incisors erupt?
7-8 years old
What is the first evidence of calcification of the maxillary central incisors?
3-4 months old
When is crown completion for the maxillary cental incisors?
4-5 years old
When is root completion for the maxillary central incisors?
10 years old
Widest crown mesiodistally of any permanent tooth
Maxillary central incisor
Single conical root, smooth, mostly straight. Usually has a rounded apex. One pulp canal. Proximally, root is broad and smooth and tapers in 1/3 to a blunt or rounded apex. No furrows or depression in root in proximal aspect mesially or distally.
Maxillary central incisor
May be a bulbous crown with deep mesial and distal concavity at CEJ
Maxillary central incisor
Maxillary central incisor contact area is
At incisal third
The mesioincisal edge of a maxillary central incisor makes contact mesially with
The mesioincisal edge of the other maxillary central incisor
Crown is narrowest a cervical third and becomes wider at incisal edge.
Incisal ridge is nearly straight
Crown usually has imbrication lines and perikymata in between
Maxillary central Incisor
What are imbrication lines?
Slight ridges that run mesiodistally on the cervical third of crowns
What are perikymata?
Grooves that appear on the surface of enamel that indicate incremental growth
When looking at the maxillary central incisors outside the mouth, what can help determine which is #8 and which is #9? (Clue: there are a total of six)
Mesial outline is slightly rounded with a sharp mesioincisal edge
Distal outline is more rounded with a rounded distoincisal edge
CEJ lingually has more curvature to distal
Cingulum is distally displaced
CEJ from proximal view has deeper curvature on mesial
From incisal view you can see distally displaced cingulum
Mesial outline is slightly rounded with sharp mesioincisal edge.
Distal outline is rounder with a rounded distoincisal edge
Maxillary central incisor
CEJ lingually has more curvature toward distal
Maxillary Central Incisor
Single cingulum is wide, and well developed, located slightly off center towards the distal
Maxillary Central Incisor
Well defined lingual fossa, often containing shallow grooves.
Mesial and distal ridges outline the lingual fossa.
Maxillary central incisor
When viewed from incisal view, is triangular. Can also view distally displaced cingulum
Maxillary Central Incisor
What is a diastema?
An open contact, a space separating teeth where you normally would have contact.
What is a mesiodens?
A type of supernumerary tooth between the two maxillary central incisors.
What is a supernumerary tooth?
An extra tooth that develops in addition to the normal set of teeth
What is a supernumerary tooth?
An extra tooth that develops in addition to the normal set of teeth
How would you determine that a tooth is a maxillary central incisor?
Look at width of tooth: tooth is usually very wide at the incisal edge and narrow at the cervical third
Look at incisal edge: it is straight.
Look at the cingulum: it should be distally displaced
Look at symmetry: more symmetrical and straight
Look at size: typically a large tooth and bulky
Look at lingual CEJ curvature: should be towards the distal
Look at labial mesial and distal outline of tooth: mesial outline slightly round; distal outline more rounded.
Look at incisal view: labial outline broadly rounded; should be triangular and should be able to see slightly displaced cingulum
Look at root from proximal view: broad but starts to taper in one third of root
Look for smooth conical root that is wide and mostly straight
Look at mesial contact area: at incisal third
What are the universal numbers of the maxillary lateral incisors?
7 and 10
What is the eruption date of maxillary lateral incisors?
8-9 years old
When is the first evidence of calcification in the maxillary lateral incisors?
12 months old
When is crown completion in maxillary lateral incisors?
4-5 years old
When is root completion in maxillary lateral incisors?
11 years old
Rounded crown
Resembles maxillary central incisor
Not as symmetrical as maxillary central incisor
Maxillary lateral incisor
Single broad conical root
Root is almost smooth and straight but may curve slightly to distal
Has a rounded apex, root tapers gradually to apex
Maxillary lateral incisor
Round incisal angles
Incisal ridge inclines towards distal
Developmental depression possibly present but usually smooth
Maxillary lateral incisor
Round incisal angles
Incisal ridge inclines towards distal
Developmental depression possibly present but usually smooth
Maxillary lateral incisor
The contact area for maxillary lateral incisors is
More cervically
Prominent but central cingulum
Deep lingual fossa
Marginal ridges pronounced
Possible horizontal lingual groove
Possible lingual pit on the incisal surface of cingulum along lingual groove
Maxillary lateral incisor
What is a horizontal lingual groove?
A groove that separates the cingulum from the lingual fossa. More common on maxillary lateral incisors
On the incisal view, it is round not triangular.
Maxillary lateral incisor
What is microdontia?
A condition in which one or more teeth appear smaller than normal
Maxillary laterals are one of the most common teeth of the permanent dentition to exhibit what conditions?
Partial microdontia or peg laterals, partial anodontia, and dens a dente. Can also be affected by talon cusps just like the rest of the anterior teeth.
What are peg laterals?
A type of condition in the maxillary lateral teeth that causes them to look like pegs. Can be unilateral or bilateral
What is partial anodontia?
A genetic disorder where a person is congenitally missing some teeth (primary or permanent)
What is dens a dente or dens invaginatus?
A rare dental malformation and developmental anomaly where a tooth is within a tooth. The enamel will infold into the dentin
What is a talon cusp?
A rare dental anomaly resulting in a an extra cusp or cusp-like projection on an anterior tooth. Mainly found on lingual surface but sometimes can be found on facial surface of anterior teeth. It often contains a prominent pulp horn.
How would you determine a tooth is a maxillary lateral incisor?
Look at width: Narrow
Look at shape (labial view) round, almost ovalish sometimes
Look at incisal angles: more rounded
Look at incisal edge: rounded and inclines distally
Look at cingulum: narrow and center
Look at lingual fossa: should be deep, check for horizontal lingual grooves and lingual pit
Look at root: may curve a bit towards distal
Look at contact area: more cervical
Look at labial surface: most likely smooth
Look at incisal view: roundish
How would you differentiate between at right and left lateral incisor? (7 and 10)
Look at incisal edge: mesioincisal is sharper than distoincisal which is more rounded
Look at root: may point a but distally
Look at incisal edge: usually inclines toward the distal
Look at proximal view CEJ: will be a deeper curvature on the mesial
What are the universal numbers for permanent mandibular central incisors?
24 and 25
When is eruption date for the mandibular central incisors?
6-7 years old. The first permanents to erupt in the mouth
When is first evidence of calcification for the mandibular central incisors?
3-4 months old
When is crown completion for the mandibular central incisors?
4-5 years old
When is root completion for the mandibular central incisors?
9 years old
Which teeth are the smallest teeth in the permanent dentition?
Mandibular central incisors
Are the mandibular central incisors bigger or smaller than mandibular lateral incisors?
Smaller
Bilaterally symmetric from labial or lingual view
Fanshaped crown
Smooth tooth, no developmental grooves or depression in crown
Incisal edge straight
Mandibular central incisor
Mostly straight single oval root with pronounced proximal concavities ( furrows and depressions) on both sides
Root is broad for 2/3 of tooth length then tapers at apical third
Not very wide root
Roots is straight tapering toward apex
Mandibular central incisor
Incisal edge is straight
Both mesial and distal sides are straight and taper evening to cervical portion of crown on the labial view
Cervical line forms an arch
Mesioincisal and distoincisal edges are both sharp, distoincisal slightly more rounded
Mandibular central incisors
Lingual surface is not pronounced, smooth, no pits or grooves
Cingulum is small and centered
Cingulum covers cervical third of crown from the lingual
Lingual fossa and cingulum merge with a gentle curve
Lingual fossa occupies middle and incisal third of lingual surface
Non evident mesial and distal ridges
Mandibular central incisor
Incisal view nearly symmetrical
Mandibular central incisor
Incisal view nearly symmetrical
Mandibular central incisor
How to differentiate between left and right mandibular central incisors?
Look at the mesioincisal edge and distoincisal edge: mesioincisal is sharper and distoincisal is more rounded
Look at CEJ from proximal view: deeper curvature on the mesial
How to differentiate between left and right mandibular central incisors?
Look at the mesioincisal edge and distoincisal edge: mesioincisal is sharper and distoincisal is more rounded
Look at CEJ from proximal view: deeper curvature on the mesial
How would you determine a tooth is a mandibular central incisor?
Look at size and shape: small, straight and fanshaped
Look at incisal edge: straight
Look at mesio and distoincisal edges: sharp
Look at CEJ of labial view: mesial and distal taper evenly at cervical portion of crown
Cervical line form an arch
Look at root: small, straight, oval shaped root. Not very wide
Look at cingulum: cingulum is small and centered
Look at lingual surface: smooth, no pits and grooves and cingulum merges with lingual fossa, no marginal ridges
Look at incisal view: nearly symmetrical
What are the universal teeth numbers for the mandibular lateral incisors?
23 and 25
When is eruption date for the mandibular lateral incisors?
7-8 years old
When is crown completion for the mandibular lateral incisors?
4-5 years old
When is root completion for the mandibular lateral incisors?
10 years old
Slightly larger and more convex than mandibular central incisors
Mandibular lateral incisors
Incisal ridge curves to the distal
Not bilaterally symmetric
Fanshaped
Mandibular lateral incisor
Single root, longer and wider, mostly straight, oval in shape
Deep furrows or depressions on proximal view on both sides
Root is broad 2/3 of tooth then tapers apically
Mandibular lateral incisor
Pronounced proximal root concavities (furrows and depressions) on both sides
Incisal edge declines toward distal
Formed a rounded incisal angle with the distal side
Mesioincisal angle is sharp
Mandibular lateral incisor
Mesial side can be straight or slightly convex, tapering to the cervical portion of the crown
Distal side is slightly convex
Distoincisal angle is more rounded
Cervical line forms a narrow arch
Mandibular lateral incisor
Lingual surface smooth, no grooves or pits
Non evident marginal ridges
Smooth, and shallow lingual fossa and cingulum merge with a gentle curve; occupies middle and incisal third on lingual
Cingulum distally displaced, occupies cervical third of crown on lingual
Mandibular lateral incisors
How would you distinguish a left mandibular lateral incisor from a right one?
Look at incisal edge: typically declines toward distal
Look at disto and mesioincisal edge: mesioincisal edge is sharper, distoincisal is rounder
Look at cingulum: distally displaced
Look at proximal view CEJ: deeper curvature on mesial
Look at incisal view: incisal edge curves toward distal following contour of mandibular arch and can also see distally displaced cingulum
How would you distinguish a tooth is a mandibular lateral incisor?
Look at size and shape: large fan shaped with rounded edges
Look at root: slightly wide root
Look at incisal edge: declines toward distal
Look at labial mesial and distal: both more convex; mesial may be straight
Look at labial cervical arch: narrow but not evenly tapered from mesial and distal
Look at the rounded mesioincisal and distoincisal edges
Look at the cingulum: narrow, distally displaced, merges with lingual fossa
Look at lingual surfaces: smooth
Look at incisal view: not symmetrical, incisal edge curves toward distal and twists lingually. Look at distally displaced cingulum
Cornerstone of the maxillary and mandibular arches
Canines
1 sharp pointed cusp
Canines
Bulky cingulum and defined lingual ridge
Canines
Serve as a major support of facial muscles and keep the overall vertical dimension of the face intact
Canines
Maintains facial contour and structure
hold lip position to reduce deep lines or wrinkles as we age and our skin loses elasticity and wants to droop
Canines
Support incisors and premolars in their functions during mastication and speech
Canines
Act as guideposts during occlusal movement
Canines
Have a protective function in occlusal excursive movements
• When moving laterally, they lift the rest of the teeth out of occlusion, protecting them from damage
• They relieve excessive horizontal forces imposed on posterior teeth
Canines
Most stable teeth in the dentition
Canines
Long roots anchor them deeply
Canines
Proximal root concavities allow for increased periodontal tissue support
Canines
Proximal root concavities allow for increased periodontal tissue support
Canines
Have a significantly reduced risk of tooth loss as a result of periodontal disease or traumatic injury
• This tooth is a very good choice to stabilize replacements for lost teeth
• Partial dentures
• Bridges
Canines
widest anterior tooth labiolingually
Canines
Each of the canines has an ____on it’s chewing surface
incisal ridge
Incisal ridge on canines form a
Cusp tip
What is a cusp tip?
the pointed part of a tooth’s chewing surface
Part of the canines that helps guide teeth together and helps tear food into smaller pieces
Cusp tip
Due to the presence of a cusp tip on a canine, the incisal ridge is divided into 2____
cusp slopes
The mesial cusp slope on a canine is usually shorter or longer?
Shorter
The distal cusp slope on a canine is usually shorter or longer?
Longer
Only teeth in the dentition with a vertical and centrally placed labial ridge
Canines
What are the universal numbers for the maxillary canines?
6 and 11
What is the eruption date for the maxillary canines?
11-12 years old
What is the first evidence of calcification for maxillary canines?
4-5 months old
When is crown completion for permanent maxillary canines?
6-7 years old
When is root completion for maxillary canines?
13-15 years old
Longest maxillary tooth
Maxillary canines
Deeply anchored tooth with a very long root
Cornerstone of arch
Sharp, pointed cusp
Longest root in maxillary arch
Broad crown and root
From proximal view crown shows a triangular outline
Deep depression in root from a proximal view
Maxillary canine
Oval root (cross section)
Proximal root concavities on both sides
Bulky cingulum and defined lingual ridges
Maxillary canines
2 lingual fossae present on either side of lingual ridge. The most pronounced of the canines
Maxillary canines
Crown has imbrication lines and perikymata
Slightly convex mesial side
Slightly concave from cervix to contact area distal side
Labial ridge in the middle if viewing from labial view and depressions on each side of ridge
Cusp tip centered over root
Maxillary canines
Cone shaped smooth root (cross section)
Broad crown and root (proximal)
Cervical line curves toward incisal (proximal view)
Longest root in maxillary arch
Maxillary canines
Prominent mesial marginal ridge
Prominent distal marginal ridge
Pronounced cingulum
Lingual pit sometimes present
Lingual ridge centrally placed.
Lingual ridge seperates two lingual fossae
Maxillary canines
How would you be able to distinguish a right maxillary canine from the left?
Look at labial view cusp slopes: Mesial cusp slope is shorter than distal cusp slope. Distal cusp slope is longer than mesial cusp slope.
Look at labial view contact areas: Mesial contact area is at the junction of the incisal and middle third
Distal contact area is in the middle third of the tooth
Look at mesial and distal edges from labial view curvature: mesial more convex and distal from cervix to contact area is more concave
Look at proximal view: CEJ has a deeper curve on the mesial.
Look at incisal view: Mesial part of the crown has a greater labiolingual bulk
Distal part of the crown appears thinner labiolingually
How would you be able to distinguish a right maxillary canine from the left?
Look at labial view cusp slopes: Mesial cusp slope is shorter than distal cusp slope. Distal cusp slope is longer than mesial cusp slope.
Look at labial view contact areas: Mesial contact area is at the junction of the incisal and middle third
Distal contact area is in the middle third of the tooth
Look at mesial and distal edges from labial view curvature: mesial more convex and distal from cervix to contact area is more concave
Look at proximal view: CEJ has a deeper curve on the mesial.
Look at incisal view: asymmetrical; Mesial part of the crown has a greater labiolingual bulk
Distal part of the crown appears thinner labiolingually
Maxillary canines may fail to erupt and remain____ in the alveolar process
Impacted
What is impaction?
A condition in which a tooth doesn’t grow in or erupt like it should
In impact canines, the canines remain impacted in the
Gingival tissue or bone
How can impacted canines impact the roots of adjacent teeth?
May damage roots
Impacted canines, if they erupt, will likely erupt
Labially or lingually to the surrounding teeth
Roots of maxillary canines may undergo distorted angulations or_____ where there are several curvatures along its length
dilaceration
What is a dilaceration?
a developmental disturbance in shape of teeth - refers to angulation, sharp curves or bends, in the root or crown of a formed tooth
In a dilaceration, most of the time, the curve will point toward the
distal (but not always!)
In a dilaceration, most of the time, the curve will point toward the
distal (but not always!)
Buccal bone over the canine eminence often disintegrates. What two conditions are a common finding?
fenestration or dehiscence
What is a fenestration?
a window-like defect in the bone or soft tissue around a tooth’s root, implant, or alveolar ridge
What is a dehiscence?
a cleft-like defect in the bone or soft tissue around a tooth’s root, implant, or alveolar ridge
What are the universal tooth numbers for the mandibular canines?
22 and 27
When is the eruption dates for the mandibular canines?
9-10 years old
What is the first evidence of calcification in mandibular canines?
4-5 months old
When is crown completion in mandibular canines?
6-7 years old
When is root completion in mandibular canines?
12-14 years old
Longest mandibular tooth
Mandibular canines
Cornerstone of the lower arch
Mandibular canines
Oval shaped root (cross section)
Longest root in the mandibular arch
Mandibular canines
Oval shaped root (cross section)
Longest root in the mandibular arch
Mandibular canines
Imbrication lines usually not present
Straight mesial side
Slightly convex distal side
Tapered root with mesial inclination
Mandibular canines
Cingulum low and flattened
Most likely anterior tooth to have a bifurcated root
Mandibular canines
How would you distinguish a mandibular canine from a maxillary canine?
Look at size: narrower than maxillary canine lingual labially and labially
Look for imbrication lines: mandibular canines typically don’t have imbrication lines; is much smoother labially
Look at mesial and distal edges on labial view: mesial more straight and distal more convex
Look at labial ridge: present but not prominent like the maxillary canines
Look at the root from a proximal view: tapered root with mesial inclination but may be bifurcated. Mandibular canines are the most likely anterior teeth to be bifurcated. Prominent root concavities but deeper on mesial than max. canine
Look at cusp: not as pointed or defined as maxillary
Look at cingulum and lingual ridge: not as defined, cingulum low and flattened
Look at marginal ridges: Mesial marginal ridge present but less pronounced than maxillary canine. Distal marginal ridge present but less pronounced than maxillary canine
Look at incisal view: Shape of the crown from an incisal view is asymmetrical (slightly more symmetrical than maxillary canine). Mesial part of the crown has a greater labiolingual bulk. Distal part of the crown appears thinner labiolingually
Centrally placed lingual ridge and present from the cingulum to the cusp tip, separates the two lingual fossae
Maxillary and mandibular canines
Both proximal views show a triangular outline
Broad crown and root
Deep depression in the root from a proximal view, especially on the mesial side
Mandibular canines
How do you distinguish a right mandibular canine from the left?
Mesial cusp slope is shorter than distal cusp slope
Distal cusp slope is longer than mesial cusp slope
Mesial contact area is at the junction of the incisal and middle third
Distal contact area is in the middle third of the tooth
Deep depression in the root from a proximal view, especially on the mesial side
CEJ has a deeper curve on the mesial, which helps distinguish left canine from right
Mesial part of the crown has a greater labiolingual bulk
Distal part of the crown appears thinner labiolingually
