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Diploma D3 > Portugal > Flashcards

Portugal Flashcards

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WSET® Level 4 Wine flashcards
1
Q

Describe the growing environment in the northwest, inland and southern parts of Portugal.

A

Northwest: cool and rainy
Inland: continental (protection from mtn ranges)
South: warmer, drier rolling hills

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2
Q

Does Portugal depend more on local or international varieties?

A

International in recent past to gain a foothold in the export market, but more recently there is a growing tendency to work with local varieties

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3
Q

Where is Encruzado’s “home region”?

A

Dão

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4
Q

How did winemaking practices in Portugal change with their succession to the EU?

A

A lot of modernization; protective winemaking with stainless steel tanks, temperature control, destemming machines; mainly French oak

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5
Q

What are the three quality level designations in Portugal?

A

DOC/DOP
VR (Vinho Regional)
Vinho

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6
Q

What is the largest wine company in Portugal?

A

Sogrape; operates in Vinho Verde, Douro, Dão, Alentejo, Lisboa
Annual revenue exceeds total of next 7 biggest producers combined

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7
Q

What is the main soil type in Vinho Verde and why is this important to the region?

A

Transitive bedrock with decomposed granite/sandy topsoil; important for good drainage for a high rainfall region

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8
Q

What are the common vine training systems in Vinho Verde?

A

Most planted with single/double Guyot with VSP or lyre; high from ground to increase air circulation

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9
Q

What is the most widely grape planted in Vinho Verde?

A

Loureiro, followed by Pederna (Arinto), Avesso, and Trajadura (Treixadura)

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10
Q

What is ownership of vineyards like in Vinho Verde?

A

Very fragmented; there are over 17,000 growers that work about 1500 hectares (avg land holding is 1/10 hectare)

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11
Q

What was the Douro’s first “claim to fame” unfortified red table wine?

A

Barca Velho by Almeida (Ferreira Port), first vintage 1952

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12
Q

What 2 actions helped to kickstart the development of unfortified Douro wines?

A

When Portugal joined the EU in 1986 and got appropriate funding; law changed to allow single estates to export wines instead only out of Vila Nova de Gaia

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13
Q

What are Douro’s three sub regions?

A

Baixo Corgo (west)
Cima Corgo
Douro Superior

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14
Q

Discuss the soils in terms of water retention in the Douro.

A

Very low water retention in the decomposed schist, but bedrock splits vertically so vines can dig deep for water

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15
Q

Describe the general winemaking style of red wines in the Douro.

A

Destemmed (grapes are naturally high in tannins), stainless steel fermentation for temp control, perhaps post-fermentation maceration, barriques common for maturation

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16
Q

What labeling can producers use in the Douro if they want to use non local varieties?

A

VR Duriense

17
Q

What is the difficulty in making unfortified wine in Port country in terms of costs?

A

Grape prices for Douro DOC grapes is substantially lower than for Port, so in a surplus year the prices can drop so low that they are below the cost of production

18
Q

How does the climate of the Douro differ from the Dão?

A

Dão has higher rainfall and is more Mediterranean; mountains surround it which protects from cool west/arid east and south

19
Q

What are the differences between red wines from the Douro and from the Dão?

A

Dão wines are generally lighter, less intense, fresher and with higher acidity

20
Q

What is exporting like for the Dão?

A

Only 15-20% of Dão wine is exported

21
Q

What grape is Bairrada known for, and what kind of wines does it make?

A

Baga; high acid, high tannin, medium bodied red wines. In past, was used for bulk production and Mateus Rosé

22
Q

What is Portugal’s most planted white grape?

A

Maria Gomes

23
Q

What is Vinho de Talha DOC in Portugal?

A

DOC covering the same zone as Alentejo, for wines fermented on skins in talha (amphora)

24
Q

Describe the climate and geography of Alentejo.

A

Mediterranean climate; extreme temps more inland. Plains and gentle slopes with some mtns and a wide range of soils

25
Q

What are the top three most grown grapes in Alentejo?

A

Aragonez
Alicante Bouschet
Trincadeira

26
Q

Commercially, which region has the largest sales of any in Portugal?

A

Alentejo (40% of domestic market; 20% of total Portuguese exports)

27
Q

What are land holdings and wineries like in Alentejo?

A

Large land holdings and wine tourism with modern designer buildings

28
Q

Describe the geography and climate of Lisboa.

A

A coastal mountain range runs n-s through the region
Western side: wet weather, windy
Eastern side: more protected, warmer, drier

29
Q

What grapes tend to be grown in Lisboa?

A

Both local and international; newer region with a lot of diversity, so character of region is still being discovered

Diploma D3 (38 decks)

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