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Diploma D3 > Australia > Flashcards

Australia Flashcards

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WSET® Level 4 Wine flashcards
1
Q

When did the Australian wine industry begin to shift heavily towards the export market? What things helped their success?

A

1980s, with the help of new marketing approaches and modern advertising as well as “accessible” styles of wine

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2
Q

Australian plantings rose rapidly in the late 90s/early 2000s. Since then, plantings have fallen back–why?

A

Huge oversupply
Many other countries started following Australian model; reduced demand for Australian wines
Australian dollar too strong; made wine more expensive
Droughts pushed up cost of irrigation water/production costs

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3
Q

What has the result of Australia’s recent fall in vineyard plantings and oversupply of wine?

A

Many growers forced out of business

Producers have shifted focus from bulk inexpensive wine to smaller prod, higher prices

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4
Q

Australia’s flat lands help with what climatic influence?

A

Nothing impedes the cooling influence of the ocean spreading far inland; also mitigating frost risk

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5
Q

What is the name of the important mountain range in Australia, and what does it do for viticulture?

A

The Great Dividing Range
creates a barrier protecting SE Australia’s vyds from tropical weather systems
Creates rain shadow (irrigation needed)

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6
Q

What kind of soil types is Australia known for?

A

a huge variety of very old soils (McLaren Vale: 40 unique soil types)

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7
Q

What are factors that make Australian viticulture very easy, but also some that make it difficult?

A

Easy: plenty of intense sunshine, relatively low rainfall, low humidity for low disease pressure
Difficult: lack of water, lack of manual labor (also expensive), soil salinity (not enough rain to carry away salts), bush fires, birds/kangaroos

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8
Q

What is the general trend for Australian winemaking, especially for red wines like Shiraz?

A

Less intense, more approachable styles with less extraction, use of whole bunch fermentation, and reduced levels of new oak

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9
Q

What are some leading regions for Australian Cabernet Sauvignon?

A

Margaret River and Coonawarra

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10
Q

Where will you most likely find Pinot Noir in Australia?

A

Yarra Valley, Mornington Peninsula, Tasmania (cool/moderate regions)

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11
Q

What is Australia’s most planted white variety, and where will you find it planted?

A

Chardonnay; found in almost every region

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12
Q

Describe Australia’s Geographical Indications system in terms of hierarchy of areas.

A

Zones
Regions
Subregions

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13
Q

What will the use of a zone name on the label of a bottle of Australian wine reflect?

A

Multi-regional blending of grapes

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14
Q

What states does the South Eastern Australia Zone cover? Why was it created?

A

All of Victoria, New South Wales, and Tasmania
Parts of South Australia, Queensland
Created to allow blending from grapes grown across the zone (inexpensive, high-volume wines)

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15
Q

What are the three wine producing regions within the Murray-Darling Basin?

A

Riverland, Murray-Darling, and Riverina

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16
Q

Where will you find Fleurieu, Mount Lofty Ranges, and the Limestone Coast?

A

South Australia Zone

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17
Q

The Barossa Zone is split into two regions: The ____ and ______. What’s the difference in climates between the two?

A

Barossa Valley (warmer) & Eden Valley (cooler)

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18
Q

What are the defining features of Eden Valley’s geography?

A

Rolling, exposed hills that form part of the Mount Lofty Ranges; can be steep enough to limit mechanization
Elevation can be 600m+; climate gets cooler, rainier, windier w/ altitude

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19
Q

How is the region of Adelaide Hills characterized in terms of geography and climate?

A

Valleys & steep hillsides; cool to moderate maritime climate with altitudes between 400-500m and a high diurnal range

20
Q

What grapes are most planted in Adelaide Hills?

A

Cool-climate varieties: SB, CH, PN; also a lot of experimentation with alternative varieties

21
Q

What is the main geographical difference between Clare Valley and Adelaide Hills?

A

Clare Valley’s hills are not as steep; mechanization is possible. Also slightly further inland (125km N) with warmer temps and lower rainfall

22
Q

Which zone are Clare Valley and Adelaide Hills within?

A

Mount Lofty Ranges Zone

23
Q

What grapes is Clare Valley most known for?

A

Shiraz (72% of plantings are black grapes; Shiraz half of that) and Riesling (25% of total plantings)

24
Q

Where is McLaren Vale located, and what makes it a good growing region for black grape varieties?

A

Just south of Adelaide, on the northern end of the Fleurieu Peninsula. Warm/hot summer with winds to mitigate disease risk (also good for org/bio viti)

25
Q

Where will you find significant stocks of old, dry-farmed bush vine Shiraz and Grenache in Australia?

A

McLaren Vale

26
Q

Where is Coonawarra in relation to the other South Australia regions?

A

Set apart, in the far southeastern corner of the state (in the Limestone Coast Zone)

27
Q

Describe the terra rossa soil of Coonawarra.

A

free-draining iron-rich loam over hard limestone; alkaline

restricts uptake of nutrients/water, so controls vigor of vine

28
Q

What is the general quality of wines from the Victoria zone?

A

Generally high quality, small production, and more expensive than other zones (except for the Murray-Darling Basin)

29
Q

Describe the climate and geography of Yarra Valley.

A

Located on slopes up to 350m just NE of Melbourne
Cool to moderate climate, over 1100m/yr (one of wettest regions in AUS)
High humidity, fungal disease pressure

30
Q

Describe the wines of Yarra Valley.

A

PN, CH; both medium to light bodied; lean, high acid; region was first to move away from heavy, oaky, full-bodied wines

31
Q

Describe the climate and geography of Mornington Peninsula.

A

Cool to moderate climate; windy (frost, disease uncommon); lower rain than Yarra
Moderating effect of ocean extends growing season
Fertile soils (vigor a problem)

32
Q

Why are land prices particularly high on Mornington Peninsula?

A

Fierce competition from tourism, golf courses, holiday homes

33
Q

Where is Geelog located?

A

directly across Port Phillip Bay to the west of Mornington Peninsula

34
Q

Where will you find Grampians, Pyrenees, and Henty?

A

Western Victoria Zone

35
Q

Which Australian region is particularly notable for its Italian varieties?

A

King Valley in North East Victoria Zone

36
Q

What variety is most important in Heathcote? What is the style of wine made there?

A

Shiraz; diurnal range helps to keep high acidity in grapes

37
Q

Describe the climate of Hunter Valley Zone.

A

almost tropical; hot and humid; low altitudes on hills; can have intense tropical storms

38
Q

Where will you find Mudgee, Orange, and Cowra?

A

the Central Ranges Zone in New South Wales, to the west of the Great Dividing Range

39
Q

What are the two most important regions in the Southern New South Wales Zone for their high quality wines?

A

Hilltops and Tumbarumba

40
Q

What are Tasmania’s most planted varieties, and what style are they made in?

A

Pinot Noir and Chardonnay; a lot of sparkling wine, but still wines are made in a light to medium bodied style with naturally high acidity; usually some oak and MLF for CH

41
Q

Why is so little wine from Tasmania exported?

A

The domestic market is strong; little need for exports; cellar door sales are important because tourism is strong as well

42
Q

What contributes to Margaret River’s long growing season?

A

Indian Ocean is a warm influence so temps don’t drop a lot at night

43
Q

What soils are found in Margaret River?

A

Gravelly soils–free-draining (irrigation needed), low in fertility (vigor managed)

44
Q

Where will you find the regions Porongurup, Frankland River, and Mount Barker?

A

Great Southern in Australia

45
Q

Name 3 of the biggest producers (by volume) in Australia. What percentage of exports do the top 5 account for?

A 
Accolade Wines
Casella Family Brands
Treasury Wine Estates
Pernod Ricard
Australian Vintage
87% of all exports
46
Q

What three countries are the biggest importers of Australian wine? Which has been the fastest-growing importer?

A

China, UK, USA; China has been fastest-growing because of China-Australia Free Trade Agreement

47
Q

Discuss domestic vs export sales for Australian wine.

A

Domestic sales have been flat vs rising steadily for exports; wines from less-common varieties much more successful in domestic market (hard to sell on export mkt)

Diploma D3 (38 decks)

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