Portugal Flashcards
Where is DOC Douro and what is the climate like?
80km East of Porto, runs from the Marão mountains to the Spanish border.
Located in the Duriense IGP.
Around the Douro river valley the vineyards are sheltered from the Atlantic by the Marão mountains giving a warm continental climate
What are the requirements for making a Fresquiera Madeira wine?
These are the finest and rarest Madeiras produced.
At least 20 years in wood
A semi-sparkling white or rosé wine that is 8.5% alcohol and high in acidity is most likely to originate from which region in Portugal?
Vinho Verde DOP
What is the Portugese term for sparkling wines?
Espumanto
Which small DOP is located near the famous surfing beach Guincho in Portugal and is famous for vineyards?
Colares DOP
Name the 5 dominant black grapes used to make DOC Douro red wines and give simple tasting notes of a DOC Douro red wine
Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo), Tinta Barroca, Tinta Cão and Touriga Franca
Deep colour, full body, intense black fruit, high tannin and toasty oak
What are the three subregions of the Douro Valley?
Baixo Corgo / Cima Corgo / Douro Superior
Using which method of production is Madeira stored in the rafters of a warm building and allowed to age for several years?
Canteira
Name the 7 predominant white grape varieties used to make Port?
Gouveio, Malvasia Fina, Viosinho, Rabigato, Esgana Cão, and Folgasão.
What is the subregion of Vinho Verde that specializes in varietal Alvarinho wines?
Monção e Melgaço
What is the most common soil type found in the Dão?
Granite
What is the modern name of Portugal’s PDO? What is the traditional term?
DOP - Denominacão de Origen Protegida
DOC - Denominacão de Origen Controlada
What are the 2 producers of sweet, semi-sparkling Portugese rosé that became extremely popular following WWII?
Mateus and Lancers
What is Port’s region of origin?
Duriense
A red wine with elevated acidity, elevated alcohol, black fruit flavors and a generous use of new French oak is most likely to originate from what region in Portugal?
Douro DOP
Name the style of Port that has been aged in oak for a minimum of seven years before bottling?
Reserve Tawny
The DOP of Colares is located near which capital city?
80% of the plantings here are ungrafted vines of ___ and ___.
Phylloxera was avoided due to:
Lisboa / Lisbon
Ramisco and Malvasia.
Sandy soils.
Which Portugese DOP is famously phylloxera free?
Why is this?
Colares DOP
Primarily sandy soils prevented the advancement of this vine-destroying pest.
Madeira was first colonized by the Portuguese in the early part of what century?
15th Century
Name the style of Port from a single year as being an outstanding year; aged for two to three years in cask before being bottled?
Vintage Port
Madeira is produced on an island located in which Ocean, approximately how many miles off the coast of Morocco?
Atlantic Ocean
400 miles from Morocco
Which Vinho Regional does Douro DOP and Porto DOP fall under?
Duriense IGP
Match the Portuguese variety to its synonym used elsewhere:
- Tinta Roriz
- Jaen
- Malmsey
- Bastardo
- Alvarinho
- Tempranillo
- Mencia
- Malvasia
- Trousseau
- Albariño
What are the 3 mountain ranges that surround the Dão DOP?
Caramula, Estrela, Nave
What is the most common method for making Vinho Verde wines semi-sparkling?
Direct CO² Injection
What are the 5 IGPs / Vinho Regional areas of SOUTHERN Portugal?
Lisboa IGP (West coast, directly south of Bairrada area)
Tejo IGP (east of Lisboa, along the Tejo river, west of Alentejano)
Alentejano IGP (Large area along the Spanish border, extending over to the Atlantic)
Peninsula de Stubal IGP (south of Tejo, on the Atlantic coast and surrounded by Alentejano to the east/south)
Algarve IGP (southernmost IGP)
Red and Rosé Vinho Verde is made primarily from which grape varieties?
Vinhão (a teinturier grape), Espadeiro, Borraçal, and Alvarelhão,
List these regions from north to south (1 = northernmost, 5 = southernmost).
A. Douro
B. Dão
C. Alentejo
D. Minho
E. Madeira
A / 2
B / 3
C / 4
D / 1
E / 5
What is the slightly prickly and very acid white wine from the Minho region?
Vinho Verde
Name the Port produced from the grapes of one year and one estate?
Single Quinta Vintage Port
If a guest asks for a rich, juicy, easy drinking, inexpensive wine similar to Malbec, which Portuguese region would be the best to recommend?
Alentejo
What are 2 synonyms for Touriga Nacional in Portugal?
Bical Tinto / Mortágua Preto
DOC Vinho Verde has a moderate Maritime climate with plenty of rain.
What risks does this bring?
What is the name of the traditional training method used to mitigate this risk, and how does it work?
What has this method been widely replaced with today?
High risk of disease; mold and rot.
Enforcado.
Vines would grow up the trunks of trees, telephone poles, and stakes, creating an overhead canopy and lessening the risk of fungal disease.
Nowadays, more modern trellising techniques are used.
Which of the following is a single-vintage tawny Port?
Late-Bottled Vintage Port
Primo Port
Colheita Port
Single Quinta Port
Colheita Port
List the DOP(s) located in Algarve IGP.
Lagos / Portimão / Lagoa / Tavira
Name the simplest style of Port; aged in wood / cement / stainless stel for about two years before being bottled and ready-to-drink?
Ruby Port
What is the most widely planted white grape of Portugal?
Fernão Pires
Which fortified wine is cooked using the Estufa Process?
Madeira
What are the 3 sub-regions of the Douro DOP, from West to East?
Baixo Corgo / Cima Corgo / Douro Superior
What is the southernmost Portuguese wine region on the mainland?
What are the 4 DOPs located there?
Algarve IGP
Lagos DOP / Portimão / Lagoa / Tavira
Malvasia, Viosinho, Rabigato, Encruzado, and Fernão Pires are all ________ grapes?
White
The most widely planted grape on the island of Madeira is?
Tinta Negra
The sweet styles of Madeira are made from which grapes?
Malvasia / Boal
In what Portugese region would you most likely encounter “chão de areia” and “chão rija” soil types?
What is the make up of these soils?
Colares DOP / Lisboa IGP
Chão de areia = “sandy ground”, an area of sandy dunes.
Chão rija = “hard ground”, calcareous brown soils
The Peninsula de Setubal is home to a well-known, sweet wine produced from the Muscat grape, known as what?
Moscatel de Setúbal
How would you describe red wines from Dão, in comparison to those from the Douro?
Delicate red fruit aromas, soft tannins and high acidity.
Typically more elegant, sharper, and more floral than their counterparts in the Douro.
Describe a Verdelho Madeira in comparison to the other 3 varietal Madeiras:
- Verdelho produces a medium dry wine of high acid, with a smoky, honeyed character.
- The wines are slightly fuller in body than Sercial.
The “dry” styles of Madeira are made from which grapes?
Sercial / Verdelho
What is significant about the Port producer Warre’s?
They were the first to build a _____ in ____.
The oldest British house in the trade, only surpassed by Kopke in age.
Warre’s was also the first to build a Port lodge in Vila Nova de Gaia and to launch a branded Port.
Highly tannic red grape variety; often used in the red wines of the Bairrada DOC
Baga
What is the main grape variety used in white Vinho Verde, and the 4 secondary varieties?
Loureiro. Other white grapes include Trajadura (Treixadura), Avesso, Pedernã (Arinto), and the Spanish Albariño.
What 2 styles of vinho licoroso are produced in Sétubal?
What grapes are used for them?
Sweet whites made from min. 67% Moscatel de Setúbal (Muscat d’Alexandria)
Red fortified wines made from Moscatel Roxo
Though there are many others, what are the top 4 grapes used for white Douro wines?
Malvasia Fina, Viosinho, Rabigato, and Gouveio
One of the primary red grapes used in Port; provides firm structure and black-fruit flavors:
Touriga Nacional
In which 2 regions does Herdade do Esporão produce wine?
Alentejo and Douro DOPs
Which grape variety is known for providing Port with a firm structure and black-fruit flavors?
Touriga Nacional
Describe a Malvasia Madeira in comparison to the other 3 varietal Madeiras:
The Malvasia wines represent the sweetest and softest style of Madeira.
- On the nose, Malmsey evokes toffee, vanilla, and marmalade aromas.
- The wine can frame a cheese course or dessert flavors of nut, caramel, and dried fruits equally well.
What is the most planted black grape in Portugal?
What is the highest regarded black grape in Portugal? What are its key tasting notes?
Tempranillo / Tinta Roriz / Aragonez
Touriga Nacional -
Inky, full-bodied, structured, high tannins
What are the wines from Alentejo like and what are the 3 main black grapes?
Most wines are low acid, high alcohol, and of a basic quality level. The northernmost area (Portalegre DOP) is the most promising sub-region
Aragonês, Trincandeira and Alicante Bouschet with use of Touriga Nacional and Syrah increasing
What are the 7 IGPs / Vinho Regional areas of NORTHERN Portugal?
Minho IGP (Vinho Verde DOP, NW)
Transmontano IGP (NE, bordering with Spain
Duriense IGP (Porto / Douro Valley, separated by the Serra do Marão)
Terras de Cister IGP (directly south of Duriense)
Beira Atlantico IGP (south of Porto on the Atlantic Coast)
Terras do Dão IGP (east of Bairrada)
Terras da Beira IGP (east of Dao, Spanish border to the east)
Unfortified wines produced in the Douro River Valley from traditional Port varieties are categorized as
Douro DOP
Describe a Sercial Madeira in comparison to the other 3 varietal Madeiras:
The driest varietal Madeira,
- Searing acidity and, over time, its youthful citrus notes evolve into a more complex almond bouquet.
- Sercial is a suitable aperitif
- While considered dry these wines may still contain around 40-45 grams per liter of residual sugar.
Describe the climates of Portugal
Predominantly Maritime from Atlantic influence
Many inland vineyards are hot, dry and Continental.
Altitude can moderate temperatures, especially at night, in some regions.
Tempranillo is given two names in Portugal; what are they?
Tinta Roriz, alternatively known as Aragonês in the Alentejo region
Which grape variety is known for providing Port with floral and blackberry notes? al
Touriga Franca
The establishment of Portugal as an international powerhouse for wine export in the 17th and 18th centuries was partly due to its trade relations with what nation?
England
Arinto is closest in flavor profile to which international grape?
Riesling
What 2 white grapes are used in Bairrada region?
What is the most widely-used black grape?
Arinto and Maria Gomes
Baga
What are the 4 major white grapes of Madeira, listed from sweetest to driest?
Malvasia (Malmsey) / Boal (Bual) / Verdelho / Sercial
What are the Portuguese terms for PGI wines?
What are non PGI table wines called?
IGP = Indicacão Geografica Protegida
Traditionally Vinho Regional
Non IGP wines are called Vinho
Describe a Boal Madeira in comparison to the other 3 varietal Madeiras:
- Boal produces a medium sweet, rich style of wine,
- The acidity is still powerful enough to dominate the finish.
- Highly aromatic, the wines tend to display classic chocolate, roasted nut, and coffee notes.
- With age, Boal tends to be the darkest Madeira wine in color.
Where is the largest Vinho Regional region in Portugal?
Vinho Regional Alentejano
Portugeser red grape variety also known as Tinta Amarela
Trincadeira
Which DOP is located within the Peninsula de Setubal region and produces mainly red wines based on what grape variety?
Palmela DOP
Castelão
One of the primary red grape varieties used in Port; lends floral notes to the blend
Touriga Franca
What is the predominant black grape of Bairrada and, with later picking, what are the tasting notes?
What are the 2 white grapes used in this region?
Black grape = Baga, with later picking gives wines deep in colour, high tannin with soft, rich, black fruit flavours.
The predominant white grapes are Arinto and Maria Gomes
Sétubal is classified as a:
What is the name of the maturation process it goes through?
What grapes are used in white / red Sétubal?
Vinho Locoroso
Torna Viagem
min. 67% Moscatel de Setúbal (Muscat d’Alexandria) or Moscatel Roxo,
Name the five preferred grape varieties used to make Port?
Touriga Nacional
Touriga Franca
Tinta Roriz
Tinta Cão
Tinta Barroca
Name the Port produced using Malvasia Fina and Gouveio grapes, among others?
White Port
Name a non-traditional style of Port originally produced by Croft, first released in 2008?
Rosé Port
Two wine Portugese producing regions are UNESCO World Heritage Sites - name them:
Douro Valley and Pico Island
Madeira can be made in both dry and sweet styles, depending on whether the wine is [____] during fermentation or after.
Fortified
White grape variety grown in the Vinho Verde region; also the star of Spain’s Rias Baixas DO
Alvarinho
Unfortified wines produced in the Douro River Valley from international grape varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon are categorized as
Duriense IGP
What species of oak tree is primarily used for cork production?
Quercus Suber
List the 2 DOPs located on the Peninsula de Sétubal.
Palmela DOP / Sétubal DOP
Portugal’s most widely grown white grape variety
Fernão Pires, also known as Maria Gomes.
Aside from grapes, what other major component of the wine trade is Portugal well known for producing?
Corks
Pinhão is a major hub of wine production located in which sub-region / DOP / on which river?
Cima Corgo / Douro DOP / Douro River
Describe the topology of Dão, where vines are planted, and its climate:
Sheltered by three mountain ranges, partially protected from the harsh winds of the continental interior, yet insulated from the wet, cool maritime weather systems coming in from the coast.
Hot and dry in the growing season, but receives adequate rainfall in the cold winter months.
Altitude helps to preserve acidity, and the best vineyards are often located between 400 and 500 meters above sea level, where the preferred granitic soils are in abundance.
What is the oldest Port House founded in 1638?
Kopke
Vinho Verde is produced in what region?
Minho IGP
Name the English pop singer who owns a bodega producing Vida Nova wines?
Cliff Richard
What is the largest threat to viticulture in the DOPs of Bucelas, Colares, and Carcavelos?
Which IGP are they located within?
Urban Sprawl
Lisboa IGP
Where is DOC Bairrada located and what is the climate?
West of Dão close to the Atlantic.
The climate is Maritime with rainy winters and warm summers, rain can be a problem around harvest time
Name the style of Port from a single year, matured in large oak casks for four to six years after harvest?
Late-Bottled Vintage (LBV)
The vineyards of the Douro DOP are famously composed of:
How are the vineyards planted in this area?
Schist soils.
On steep, terraced vineyards along the banks of the Douro and its tributaries.
Vinho Verde is produced in which Vinho Regional?
Minho IGP
Explain the following Portugese wine terms that pertain to Madeira:
- Vinhos ao Roda
- Estufagem
- Vinhos Canteiro
- Torna Viagem
Vinhos ao Roda: literally “Wines of the Wheel”, fortified wines that were made and then matured while travelling on a ship.
Estufagem: Fortified wines that are cooked in a tank by a heated “jacket” or pipes that run through the tank.
Vinho Cateiro: Fortified wines that are matured in a warm, attic-like area for many years.
Torna Viagem: literally “round trip”, wines that travelled from Portugal across the Atlantic and back again.
The Baga grape is used to make highly tannic red wines under which DOP, located within the which Vinho Regional?
Bairrada DOP, Beira Atlantico IGP
Which 4 black grapes are now commonly grown in Dão?
What are the 3 top recommended white grapes?
Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Jaen (Mencia in Spain) and Alfrocheiro.
Encruzado, Bical and Cercial
What is the most heavily-planted grape in Vinho Verde DOP and the main component of these wines?
What 4 other grapes are used?
Loureiro
Trajadura (Treixadura), Avesso, Pedernã (Arinto), and the Alvarinho (Albariño.)
Where is DOC Alentejo, what is the climate like, and what is a consistent effect it has on the wines produced?
Spread over 8 sub-regions in the SE of Portugal.
It has a hot growing season: Cooler and wetter in the North -hotter, drier, centre and south. Irrigiation is often necessary.
Wines often suffer from low acidity and high alcohol.
Other than Touriga Nacional and Tinta Roriz name 3 other black grapes grown in Portugal and give simple tasting notes for each
- Alfrocheiro - Deep colour with intense aroma of blackberry and strawberry
- Jaen (known as Mencia in Spain) - Fresh fruit with medium~high acid
- Baga - Late ripening with thick skinned berries gives deep colour, high tannins but if picked later gives soft, rich, black fruit flavours
- Trincandeira- Drought tolerant, gives spicy berry flavours and high tannin
-Alicante Bouschet - High colour and tannin, most used in blends
White grape variety used in a sweet style of Madeira, where it is sometimes referred to as Malmsey
Malvasia
Which region in Portugal is known as the country’s premier producer of Espumante wines, and also produced the country’s first example?
In which year was it produced?
Bairrada DOP
1890
What does the Porugese labeling term “garrafeira” indicate?
What does it literally translate to?
Indicates a minimum period of aging prior to release. Tinto (red): min. 30 months, including at least 12 months in bottle.
Branco (white) and Rosado: min. 12 months with at least 6 in bottle.
Literally translates to “Private Wine Cellar”
What is the Treaty of Methuen?
What effect did this have on the trade of wine?
A military and commercial treaty between England and Portugal that was signed in 1703 as part of the War of the Spanish Succession.
This led to the prolific rise in exports of Portuguese wines to Britain?
What is the location, climate, premier grape and general style of Douro DOP wines?
- N. Portugal along the Douro river (aka the Duero river in Spain)
- Drier and hotter as you move inland.
- Main grape: Touriga Nacional
- Wines are rich, dry, ripe and powerful reds.
Fortified and unfortified wines produced on the island of Madeira is categorized as what?
What is the IGP of this region?
Madeira DOP / Madeirense DOP
Terras Madeirenses IGP
What are general tasting notes of Vinho Verde wines (white)?
- Light, floral wines, lively acidity and low alcohol levels,
- Often slightly sparkling—a result, generally, of carbon dioxide injection prior to bottling.
Who produces “Barca Velha?”
What DOP is it from?
What is significant about this producer?
What grapes are used?
Ferreirinha
Douro DOP
They were the first house in Douro dedicated to making a table wine.
50% Touriga Franca , 30% Touriga Nacional, 10% Tinta Roriz, 10% Tinto Cão
Portugese red grape variety also known as Tempranillo
Tinta Roriz / Aragonez
Using which method of production is Madeira left in a concrete or stainless steel vat and heated via hot water for several months?
Estufagem
What style of wine is Moscatel do Douro?
What grape is used?
What are the min. alcohol / min. aging requirements?
Sweet, fortified wine.
Moscatel Galego.
16.5% / 18 months
Which region is located on a chain of nine islands approximately 1,000 miles off the west cost of Portugal?
Which three islands have their own DOPs?
Açores IGP (Azores)
Pico DOP, Graciosa DOP, and Terceira DOP
Portugal’s most widely grown red grape variety
Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo)
What style of Port is the house of Niepoort famous for pioneering?
Vintage garrafeira Port: following a few years’ aging in barrels, the Port is matured for a period of at least eight years in glass demijohns.
Portugal as a country is approximately the same size as what US state?
Indiana
What are the 4 main white grapes used for Douro DOP wines?
Malvasia Fina, Viosinho, Rabigato, and Gouveio.
What is vintage Tawny Port called?
Name a 3 producers:
Colheita Port
Smith Woodhouse Colheita Tawny 2000, Kopke, Calem.
