Hungary/Eastern Europe/Middle East Flashcards
What is the climate of Tokaj?
warm continental climate with long, humid autumns
Where is the region of Tokaj located?
Where are the best vineyards located in Tokaj?
In the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains in the NE of Hungary, close to the Slovakian border.
Hillside slopes with a southerly aspect.
From driest to sweetest list the 3 types of sweet wine produced in Tokaj:
Late Harvest
Tokaji Aszu
Tokaji Eszencia
In 2013 the laws governing Tokaji Aszu / Esszencia were changed.
What are the current aging / residual sugar laws?
“Aszú”: ages for three years prior to release (with a minimum 18 months in barrel) and must contain at least 120 g/l of residual sugar and achieve an actual alcohol content of at least 9%.
Esszencia: min. alc 1.2 - 8%, at least 450 grams per liter of residual sugar.
What does the term ‘Szamorodni’ mean?
How are dry and sweet styles labeled?
‘As it comes’ meaning bunches of grapes that are partially affected with Noble Rot
Dry: Száraz
Sweet: édes
How is Tokaji Eszencia made?
Only free run juice of Botrytis grapes.
Incredibly sweet, yeast has trouble fermenting so fermentation goes on for a number of years. Final wine about 5% abv, minimum residual sugar is 450g/l, balanced by high acidity.
Able to mature for a century or more.
How is Tokaji Aszu made?
A base wine is made from healthy grapes then, before, during or after fermentation Aszu grapes are macerated in the base wine for 12 to 60 hours. Wine is pressed then stored in oak.
What’s the name of the unit (formerly) used to express sweetness of Aszu wine?
What does this word also refer to?
Puttony (plural puttonyos)
Also the name of the basket traditionally used to gather individual grapes, worn on the back of the harvester.
What is Tokaji Szamorodni?
A wine made from Szamorodni (as it comes) grapes that can be dry or sweet depending on the amount of Noble Rot present.
Wines aged for min 1yr in Oak, 2 yrs total, before release.
Casks for dry wines are not completely filled, to enable flor-like yeast to form naturally on the wine.
What are the names of the 2 principle and 4 accessory grapes and used to make Tokaji and what do they contribute to the final wine?
Furmint - Concentrated, high acid, wines. Apples when young, nuts & honey with age.
Harsevelu - adds perfume
Sarga Muskotaly (Muscat) - aromatic
Zéta (Oremus), Kabar and Kövérszőlő
What size of bottle are the sweet wines of Tokaj bottles in?
500ml
What are the characteristics of a classic Tokaji?
Deep amber.
High acidity and intense aromas.
Flavors of orange peel, apricots and honey.
What are the 2 rivers that help generate the morning humidity necessary for the development of noble rot?
Bodrog
Tisza
What is the primary soil type of Tokaj?
Volcanic loess and clay
In what century and by whom were Tokaj’s vineyards classified?
18th Century (1703) by the Transylvanian Prince Rákócsy
In what region / country are Cotnari wines produced?
What type of wine is this?
Moldavia / Romania
Sweet, white wine
Which river has the most influence on winemaking in Eastern Europe?
Danube
Château Musar is an iconic producer in what country?
What types of wine are they famous for producing?
Lebanon
Bordeaux-style blends made with Cabernet Sauvignon, Carignan and Cinsault.
Which 5 wine-producing countries border the Black Sea?
Bulgaria / Russia / Ukraine / Georgia / Turkey
What are the 3 principal wine-producing regions of Slovenia?
Podravje, Posavje, and Primorska
Which region of Slovenia extends into Friuli - Venezia Giulia?
What is this region known as in Italy?
Goriška Brda
Collio Goriziano.
What is pictured here?
A Georgian Qvevry
In Hungarian wine-making, what is a Gönc?
An oak cask of approximately 136 L
What is a Russian “bochka”?
An obsolete unit of measurement (491 L), literally translating to “barrel”.
Zinfandel is genetically related to the ___ ____ grape of Croatia.
Crljenak Kaštelanski
Chateau produces wine in which region of Lebanon?
The Bekaa Valley
Order the following wine producing countries from west to east (1 = westernmost, 6 = easternmost)
a) Romania
b) Slovenia
c) Hungary
d) Italy
e) Georgia
f) Turkey
- Italy
- Slovenia
- Hungary
- Romania
- Turkey
- Georgia
Tokaj’s rise to international acclaim came during a time when the region was ruled by which empire?
Austro-Hungarian
What is pezsgó?
Hungarian sparkling wines made in the traditional method.
What is the minimum aging regiment for Tokaji Aszú and Aszúeszencia wines?
May not be released prior to January 1 of the third year after harvest. They must be aged in barrel for at least 18 months.
Moldova is wedged between which two other countries?
Romania and Ukraine
Identify the correct definitions for the following Romanian DOC subcategories:
DOC-CMD
DOC-CT
DOC-CIB
VM
VMS
DOC-CMD: grapes harvested at full maturity
DOC-CT: late-harvested grapes
DOC-CIB: botrytis-affected grapes
VM (table wine/Vin de Masa)
VMS (superior table wine/Vin de Masa Superior).
What is the term for the expansive flatlands cradled between the Alps and the Carpathian Mountains?
Pannonian Plain
Bohemia and Moravia are the two major winemaking regions of which country?
Czech Republic
Much of the growth of Bulgarian wine exports was due to:
Most of the wine produced was/is:
The Industry collapsed due to:
their popularity in the British market.
huge amounts of cheap varietal wine.
Gorbachev’s anti-alcohol reforms launched in 1985.
The largest single-cellar complex in the world, nearly equaling the caves of Champagne in size and length, is located in which country?
Moldova
List these Bulgarian regions from west to east (1 = westernmost, 3 = easternmost).
A. Black Sea
B. Struma River Valley
C. Danubian Plain
- Struma River Valley
- Danubian Plain
- Black Sea
Match the following appellations to their home country:
A. Goriška Brda
B. Dealu Mare
C. Eastern Anatolia
D. Judean Hills
E. Istria
A. Slovenia
B. Romania
C. Turkey
D. Israel
E. Croatia
What material are Georgian qvevri lined with to prevent oxidation?
Beeswax
Which 2 indigenous varieties are used to make Chateau Musar Blanc?
Obaideh and Merwah
Chateau Ksara is located in which sub-region / country?
What varietals are used for their “Cuvée du Pape”?
Bekaa Valley, Lebanon
Chardonnay
Where is Zorah Winery located?
What varietals are used for their “Voski” wine?
Armenia
Voskèak and Garandmak
Where is Massandra Winery located?
What varietals are used for their “Prince Golytzin’s Seventh Heaven”, and what type of wine is it?
Crimea
Fortified dessert wine, a blend of White Kokur, White Muscat and Muscat Rose.
Movia, Edi Simčič, and Kabaj are all famous producers in which appellation / sub-region / country?
Goriška Brda / Primorska / Slovenia
What is Cladosporium cellare?
A special cellar mold found in the cellars of Tokaj, which is sometimes introduced to Szamorodni wines.
For the following grapes listed, identify the color and appellation/country you would most likely encounter them.
A. Fetească Neagră
B. Crljenak Kaštelanski
C. Sivi Pinot
D. Saperavi
A. Fetească Neagră: “Black Maiden”, red / Dealu Mare DOC / Romania
B. Crljenak Kaštelanski: aka Primitivo/Zinfandel, red / Dingač PDO / Croatia
C. Sivi Pinot: aka Pinot Grigio, white / Goriška Brda PDO / Slovenia
D. Saperavi: red / Kakheti / Georgia
In Bulgarian wine law, what are Controliran / Kontroliran wine?
Controliran is a superior controlled appellation of origin within a DGO, and each Controliran wine must be produced from the appellation’s permitted grape varietals.
What is the minimum residual sugar for Tokaji Aszú wines after 2013?
120g/L
Kartli and Kakheti are the two most important wine growing regions in which country?
Georgia
What special designation do the vineyards of Szarvas and Mézes Mály in Tokaj have?
Great First Growth
Where is the producer Movia located?
It has vineyards in both ____
Slovenia / Brda Goriska
Italy and Slovenia
Who produces the wine “Puro”?
What type of wine is it / what is it made with?
What else is unique about it?
Movia
Sparkling wine
60% Chardonnay / 40% Ribolla Gialla
The wine does not go through disgorgement; it allows the consumer to disgorge it whenever they see fit.
