Portugal

Question 1

Explain the climate

Answer 1

Varied Climate in 3 Areas

North: Cool and humid
South: Warm and Mediterranean
Inside the country: Hot, Arid Continental

Question 2

Vinhos de Mesa

Answer 2

Tabel wine

Question 3

IGP

Answer 3

Indicação Geogràfica Protegida

Question 4

DOP

Answer 4

Denominação de Origem Protegida (French AOP)

Question 5

VR

Answer 5

Vinhos Regional

min of 85% of the fruit must come from the stated region

Question 6

IGP Regions (14)

Answer 6

Minho
Transmontano
Duriense
Terras do Dão
Terras de Cister
Terras da Beira
Beira Atlântico
Tejo
Lisboa
Alentejano
Península de Setúbal
Algarve
Terras Madeirenses
Açores

Question 7

Garrafeira

Answer 7

“Private wine celler”

Indicating a minimum period of ageing prior to release:

Red, 2 years in wood + 1 year in bottle
White, 6 months in wood + 6 months in bottle

Extra 0.5 abv min alcohol content

Question 8

Tinto Garrafeira

Answer 8

Must age for a minimum of two years in wood plus one year in the bottle

Question 9

Branco and Rosado Garrafeira

Answer 9

Must age for a minimum of 6 months in wood plus 6 months in the bottle.

Question 10

Reserva

Answer 10

Indicating an alcohol content of at least 0.5% higher than the legal minimum established by the respective DOP or IGP; however, stricter requirements in individual DOPs may supersede this standard.

Question 11

Reserva (Sparkling wines)

Answer 11

Indicates a minimum period of 12 months on the lees prior to dégorgement.

Question 12

Colheita Seleccionada

Answer 12

Indicates a minimum 1% higher alcohol content than that established by the regional appellation

Question 13

Casta

Answer 13

Means Grape variety

Question 14

Most planted red variety in Portugal

Answer 14

Castelão, typically full-bodied, tannic wines with meaty, red-fruit aromas.

Question 15

Finest red variety in Portugal

Answer 15

Touriga Nacional, accounts for approximately 10% of the nation’s vineyard acreage, and yields inky, full-bodied, structured wines.

Question 16

Most planted white variety

Answer 16

Fernão Pires, known as Maria Gomes in Bairrada

Question 17

Climate Minho IGP and Vinho Verde DOP

Answer 17

A cool, rainy, Atlantic-influenced climate prevails, and grey rot can be problematic during the damp growing season.

Question 18

Enforcado

Answer 18

Traditional method to train the vines high above the ground on trellis (pergola system). Training the vines high above the ground, the grapes do not benefit from the reflected and radiated heat from the ground. They are therefore underripe at harvest time and contain a very high proportion of acid.

Question 19

Vinho verde wine styles

Answer 19

White:
The light, floral white wines of the region are more common in both Europe and the US and are marked by lively acidity and low alcohol levels, and are slightly sparkling—a result, generally, of carbon dioxide injection prior to bottling.

Red:
The red wines, also pétillant, gain their sparkle from malolactic fermentation in the bottle, a process usually avoided for white wines.

The wines, whether white or red, are at their best in the year after release.

Question 20

Minho soil type

Answer 20

Granite

Question 21

Minho sub-areas (9)

Answer 21

Amarante
Ave
Baiao
Basto
Cavado
Lima
Moncao e Melgaco
Paiva
Sousa

Question 22

Vinho Verde white grape varieties

Answer 22

Alvarinho
Lourreiro
Trajadura
Arinto
Avesso
Azal
Batoca

Question 23

Vinho Verde red grape varieties

Answer 23

Vinhão (a teinturier grape)
Espadeiro
Borraçal
Alvarelhão
Padeiro

Question 24

Trasmontano IGP

Answer 24

Between the Minho region to the west and the Spanish boarder to the east.

Soils are mainly schistous with some granite.

The region is dry, hot and mountainous with cooler vineyards at higher altitudes

Question 25

Tras-os-Montes DOP

Answer 25

3 sub regions:
Chaves, Planalto Mirandes and Valpacos
Long hot summers, very cold winters
Mainly granite soils with some schist

Question 26

Tras-os-Montes DOP reds

Answer 26

Bastardo
Marufo
Tinta Roriz
Touriga Franca
Touriga Nacional
Trincadeira

Question 27

Tras-os-Montes DOP whites

Answer 27

Codega
Fernao Pires
Gouveio
Malvasia
Rabigato
Viosinho

Question 28

Douriense IGP

Answer 28

Most difficult region to practise viticulture
Mainly granite and schist, and extremely mountainous
Two DOP’s: Douro and Porto

Question 29

Douro DOP sub-regions

Answer 29

Baixo Corgo
Cima Corgo
Duro Superior

Question 30

Douro DOP permitted grape varieties Red

Answer 30

Over 60 permitted grape varieties.

Quality red tabel grapes:
Touriga Nacional
Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo)
Tinta Franca
Tinta Barroca
Tinta Cao
Tinta Amarela (Trincadeira)

Question 31

Douro DOP permitted grape varieties White

Answer 31

Over 50 permitted grape varieties.

Quality white table grapes:
Arinto
Gouveio
Malvasia
Rabigato
Viosinho

Question 32

IVDP

Answer 32

Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e Porto

Blind tasting panel. Wines are marked out of 20

Wines scoring under 10 are rejected; those marked 10 may carry the classification of Douro IGP

Wines scoring 11 points qualify for the Douro DOP; 12 and 13 points may use the designation Reserva; 14 points and over entitles the wine to be classified as Grande Reserva. These may use the terms Colheita Selecionada, Grande Escolha or Reserve Especial.

Question 33

Licoroso

Answer 33

Fortified

Question 34

Espumanto do Douro

Answer 34

Sparkling wines form the Douro

Question 35

Colheita Tardia

Answer 35

Late harvest wines

Question 36

Barca Velha

Answer 36

The first red wine of real quality produced in the Douro by Fenando Nicoau de Almeida, at Ferriera in 1952.