France - Burgundy Flashcards
What type of climate does Burgundy have?
Continental. Rain, hail and spring frost are risks
What are the major grape varieties in Burgundy?
White: Chardonnay, Aligote
Red: Pinot Noir, Gamay
What are the soil types in Burgundy?
Northern: Chalk and clay marl
Southern: Granite
What are the labeling classifications in Burgundy?
Burgundy Red/White (basic regional wines)
Village wines: village name
Premiers Crus: village + vineyard name
Grands Crus: vineyard name
What is a negociant?
merchant who buys grapes/wine from small producers and sells the resulting wine under negociant’s name
What does the term ‘domaine’ indicate on a label?
That the entire process of growing and winemaking takes place at the property.
Define lieu dit (leh dee)
specific vineyard with name; “location”.
Define climat
Burgundian term for a specific vineyard site defined by, as the name suggests, all of its climatological as well as geographical characteristics, otherwise known as terroir. The French use the word climat interchangeable with ‘vineyard’. A climat is generally smaller then a specific appellation. The term climat for example may refer to a grand cru such as Richebourg.
What does the term ‘clos’ indicate on a label?
The vineyard is surrounded by a wall of stone
What does the term ‘monopole’ mean in Burgundy?
A piece of land with singel ownership (Romanee conti / La Tache)
Why is the quality of red wine in Burgundy difficult to predict?
The cool, northern climate can be rainy and lack sun - leading grapes to not fully ripen.
What are the districts of Burgundy:
Chablis (Yonne) Cote de Nuits (Cote d'Or) Haute Cote de Nuits (Cote d'Or) Cote de Beaune (Cote d'Or) Hautes Cotes de Beaune (Cote d'Or) Cote Chalonnaise Cote Maconnais Beaujolais
What are the two sub-regions that make up the cote d’or
Cote the Nuits and Cote de Beaune
What type of soil does Chablis have
Kimmeridgian clay and limestone
What is the Climate in Chablis
Continental
What are the climate risks in Chablis
Late frost (spring frost)
What is the quality hierarchy in Chablis (low to high)?
Petite Chablis
Chablis AOP
Chablis Premier Cru
Chablis Crand Cru
What are the 7 climats in Chablis Grand Cru
Blanchot Bougros Grenouilles Les Clos Preuses Valmur Vaudésir
What is true about most Grand Cru vineyards in Chablis?
They have a Southwest exposure
Good Chablis can be said to have what unique flavour?
Gunflint (gout de pierre a fusil)
What are the village AOC of Cote de Nuits
Marsannay Fixin Gevrey-Chambertin Morey-St-Denis Chambolle-Musigny Vougeot Vosne Romanee Nuits-St-George
How many of the 24 Grand Cru appellations are in the Cote the Nuits
23
Grand Cru’s of Cevrey-Chambertin (8)
Le Chambertin Clos de Beze Chapelle-Chambertin Charmes-Chambertin Criottes-Chambertin Latricieres-Chambertin Mazis Chambertin Ruchottes-Chambertin
Grand Cru’s of Morey-St-Denis (5)
Clos de Tart Clos de la Roche Clos St-Denis Clos des Lambrays Bonnes-Mares (part)
Grand Cru’s of Chambolle-Musigny (2)
Bonnes-Mares (Marjority)
Le Musigny
Grand Cru’s of Vougeot (1)
Clos de Vougeot
Grand Cru’s of Vosne-Romanee (6)
Richebourg La Tache La Romanee Romanee Conti Romanee-St-Vivant Grande Rue
Grand Gru’s of Flagey-Echezeaux (2)
Grands Echezeaux
Exchezeaux
What is the only white Grand Cru in the Cote the Nuits
Musigny
How many Grand Cru’s are there in the Cote de Beaune
7
Which Grand Cru is in the villages of Aloxe-Corton, Ladoix-Serringy and Pernand-Vergelesses
Corton-Charlemagne
Which Grand Cru is in the village of Aloxe-Corton and mainly produces red wine and some white wine
Le Corton
Which Grand Gru is only in Chassagne-Montrachet
Criots-Batard-Montrachet
Which Grand Gru’s are only in Puligny-Montrachet
Le Montrachet
Chevalier-Montrachet
Bienvenues-Batard-Montrachet
Which Grand Gru is in the village of Puligny- and Chassagne-Montrachet
Batard-Montrachet
What are the village AOC of Cote de Beaune
Pernand-Vergelesses Aloxe-Corton Ladoix-Serrigny Savigny-les-Beaune Chorey-les-Beaune Beaune Pommard Volnay Meursault Ausey-Duresses St-Romain Blagny Puligny-Montrachet Chassagne-Montrachet St-Aubin Santenay Dezize-les-Maranges Cheilly-les-Maranges Sampigny-les-Maranges
Explain St-Bris AOC:
St-Bris is a white wine produced form Sauvignon Blanc and similar in style to the Sauvignon Blanc wines from the central vineyards of the Loire
Explain Irancy AOC:
Irancy AOC is a red wine made in a small area within the St-Bris district. Made from the Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris and Cesar grapes and sold under the name Irancy.
Explain Hautes-Cote de Beaune and Hautes-Cotes de Nuits
Appellations for white, red and rose wine. They are situated to the west of the Cote d’Or at a greater altitude. This currently causes difficulty in the ripening of the grapes, but with climate change they could become more important. These wines are generally lighter in style.
Villages of the Cote Chalonnais
Bouzeron Rully Mercury Givry Montagny
Bouzeron AOC
Produces dry white wines from the Aligote grape, with up to 15 percent chardonnay
Villages of Maconnais
Vergisson Macon Solutre Saint-veran Pouilly-Fuisse Vinzelles
Name the 10 Cru Beaujolais:
St-Amour Julienas Chenas Moulin a Vent Fleurie Chiroubles Morgon Brouilly Cote de Brouilly Regnie
What is the climate of Maconnais?
Slightly warmer and drier than the rest of Burgundy.
What are common vinification practices in Maconnais?
Whites are mostly unoaked, with the exception in Pouilly-Fuisse.
What is the soil type in Beaujolais?
Granite
What is the climate type in Beaujolais?
Continental
What is a common vinification practice in Beaujolais?
Carbonic Maceration
Explain Carbonic Maceration
Whole clusters or berries of red grapes are sealed in a tank and then carbon dioxide is pumped in. In the absence of oxygen, intact whole berries undergo a short intracellular fermentation (glucose and malic acid to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide) without the aid of yeast. The grape will burst or be pressed and then ferment to dryness with the normal activity of yeast.
What is the quality hierarchy in Beaujolais (low to high)?
Beaujolais
Beaujolais Nouveau
Beaujolais-Villages
Beaujolais Cru
What are common vinification decisions in Cote d’Or?
Use of new oak increases with quality (Nuits reds use more oak than Beaune)
MLF
Use of either whole cluster or de-stemmed grapes
Why is malolactic fermentation common in Chablis?
Wines are very high in acid due to early picking
Maconnais wine
Also known as “Macon”
Burgundy’s center for large-volume production of Chardonnay
Lean, high in acidity, and vinified in stainless steel
Reds and Roses are Gamay based
Characteristics of carbonic maceration wines
Fruity, highly floral, softer tannins
Semi-carbonic Maceration
Carbon dioxide is not added to the vat, but produced naturally. Whole clusters at the bottom of the tank crush under the weight of those above and begin fermenting normally. The carbon dioxide released causes the whole berries above to ferment internally.
Regional wines of Burgundy
Bourgogne AOC is the basic designation for red, white, and rose wines, and Cremant de Bourgogne (methode traditionnelle sparkling appellation).
Grapes may be sourced throughout Burgundy.
Burgundy vs. Bordeaux Premier Cru and Grand Cru status
Bordeaux = Status is awarded to the individual producer Burgundy = Status is conferred upon the vineyard itself
Premier Cru label
Village or Commune
Vineyard
“Premier Cru”
Grand Cru label
Name of vineyard only
“Grand Cru”
(each vineyard is its own appellation)
Best known fine wine in Maconnais
Pouilly-Fuisse
What is the primary grape in the Grand Crus of the Côte de Nuits?
Pinot Noir
- Exception: Musigny Blanc is Chardonnay
What is the primary grape in the Grand Crus of the Côte de Beaune?
Chardonnay
- Exception: Corton is Pinot Noir
How many Grand Cru Villages are in the village of Mersault?
Zero
The Grand Cru Bonne Mares is shared between Chambolle-Musigny and which other commune?
Morey-St-Denis
Which is the largest of all of the Grand Cru in Burgundy?
Corton
Which is the only Grand Cru in the Côte de Nuits legally allowed to produce red and white wines?
Chambolle-Musigny
What grape is the base for the classic Kir cocktail?
Aligote
What are the two sparkling wine AOPs in Burgundy?
Cremant de Bourgogne AOC
Bourgogne Mousseux AOC
What is the largest Village appellation in the Côte d’Or?
Gevrey-Chambertin
Beaujolais Nouveau is released annually on which day every year?
3rd Thursday of November
What is a Burgundy Barrel called? How much does it hold?
Bourgogne Piece, 228 L
Which commune in Burgundy is famous for making the most masculine expression of Pinot Noir?
Gevrey-Chambertin
Beurot is a synonym for which grape?
Pinot Gris
What three appellations in the Côte de Beaune are exclusive to red wine only?
Pommard
Volnay
Blagny
Who is Aubert de Villaine?
Co-owner and Co-director of Domaine de la Romanee de Conti
