Porifera Flashcards
What are Porifera known as? What does this mean?
Cellular grade organization = no true tissue
What symmetry are Porifera?
Asymmetrical or radial symmetry
What usually are Porifera cells? What does this mean?
Totipotent = immature or stem cell which give rise to other types of cells
What cells do Porifera have? 2 names
Choanocytes = collar cells
Explain the feeding habits between adults and larvae Porifera
Adults = sessile suspension feeders Larvae = mobile
Explain the outer and inner layers of the Porifera
Both lack basement membrane
Explain the middle layer of Porifera
Mesohyl = is variable but always has motile cells and some skeletal material
What are the 2 types of skeletal material in the middle layer of Porifera?
1- calcium carbonate
2- silicon dioxide and/or collagen fibers
Describe how water moves through a Porifera
Water moves through epidermis into spongocoel, passes over collar cells/choanocytes and out through osculum
What are archaeocyte cells of Porifera?
Wandering amoeboid cells that differentiate into specialize cells when necessary
What are the 2 types of cells that archaeocyte can differentiate into?
1- sclerocyte cells = spicules (calcareous or siliceous)
2- spongocytes cells = spongin (collagenous protein)
What other cells do archaeocytes develop into?
Give rise to sperm and egg cells
Explain the sponge structure of a Porifera
3 levels of increased complexity occur through high degree of everting of the choanocyte layer away from the spongocoel
What are the 3 levels of the sponge structure of a Porifera?
1- asconoid
2- syconoid
3- leuconoid (most sponges)
What is an example of a sponge that is 1 of the 3 levels for it’s sponge structure? What is special about it?
Bath sponge = leuconoid
Skeleton is made of a soft protein called spongi rather than calcium
What is the subphylum of Porifera?
Cellularia
What does that subphylum Cellularia have?
All posses distinct choanocytes
What are the 2 class of the subphylum Cellularia?
1- Desmospongiae
2- Calcarea
What types of sponge structure level are the class Desmospongiae?
All leuconoid
What do archaeocyte cell change into for the class Desmospongiae?
Silica spicules (sclerocyte cells) and/or spongin support elements (spongocyte cells)
What are the 5 families to know fo the class Desmospongiae?
1- Clionidae 2- Spongiidae 3- Haliclona 4- Spongillidae 5- Cladorhizidae
What is an example of the family Clionidae of the class Desmospongiae?
Cliona boring sponges
What does chemicals release from the the family Clionidae of the class Desmospongiae do? What happens? (Reef)
Dissolve calcareous material = chips fall to seafloor = 40% of reef sediment in some places are made this way
What are the Porifera of the family Spongiidae of the class Desmospongiae? 2 examples
Commercial sponges
1- Spongia
2- Hippospongia
What’s an example of the family Haliclona of the class Desmospongiae? Where are they found?
Haliclona - shallow waters
What’s an example of the family Spongilla of the class Desmospongiae? Where are they found?
Spongilla - freshwater
What’s an example of the family Cladorhizidae of the class Desmospongiae? Where are they found?
Cladorhiza - deep sea
What is different about the family Cladorhizidae of the class Desmospongiae? (Lack x2, eat)
Lack choanocytes and water canal system
Probably carnivorous on small crustaceans
Explain the class Calcarea (found, archaeocytes, sponge structure)
All marine
Spicules of CaCO3 (sclerocyte cells)
Asconoid/syconoid/leuconoid levels
What is one family to know for the class Calcarea?
Grantidae
What’s an example of the family Grantidae of the class Calcarea? Where are they found?
Grantia (aka Scypha) - all marine intertidal to 2200m
