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biology 1204 > Mollusca > Flashcards

Mollusca Flashcards

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1
Q

What types of symmetry are Mollusca?

A

Bilateral symmetry

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2
Q

What can be said about the coelom of Mollusca?

A

Reduced

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3
Q

What is the ventral body wall of a Mollusca?

A

Muscular foot

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4
Q

What is the dorsal body wall of a Mollusca?

A

Mantle

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5
Q

How is the shell formed in Mollusca? What does it consist of?

A

Mantle secretes the shell

2 folds of skin outgrowths of the dorsal body wall (mantle) and contains the gills in mantle cavity

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6
Q

What does the digestive system have of a Mollusca?

A

Radula = rasping organ

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7
Q

What is the circulatory system of Mollusca? Exception

A

Open system - except cephalopods where it’s closed

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8
Q

How is gas exchanged in Mollusca?

A

Through gills which are in the mantle cavity inside the mantle

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9
Q

Does Mollusca have kidneys?

A

Yes generally 1 or 2

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10
Q

Does Mollusca have any sensory organs?

A

Cephalopods have eyes

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11
Q

How do mulls a reproduce?

A

Most gonochoristic (separate sexes) but some are hermaphrodites

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12
Q

What are the larva in the marine species of Mollusca?

A

Free-swimming trochophore (spherical shapes, spinning motion and band of cilia)

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13
Q

Can some marine species of the Mollusca have a 2nd larva stage? What is it called?

A

Yes - snails and bivalves do - free-swimming called veliger

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14
Q

How do most marine larva pass through their trochophore stage in Mollusca? What happens after this stage (2x)?

A

While in protective capsule which was where the eggs were laid then emerge as veligers or skip this stage and straight as young adults

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15
Q

For terrestrial and freshwater gastropods, where are the eggs laid and do they have a veliger stage?

A

Some eggs not laid but develop within parent

No recognizable veliger stage

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16
Q

What happens to the veliger stage of freshwater bivalves?

A

Modified - glochidium larva in an arrow point not spherical

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17
Q

What are the 5 class of Mollusca?

A 
1- polyplacophora
2- Gastropoda
3- Bivalvia
4- Scaphopoda
5- Cephalopoda
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18
Q

What are the class Polyplacophora?

A

Chitons

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19
Q

What does the shell of the class Polyplacophora contain?

A

7-8 plates

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20
Q

What and how do the class Polyplacophora eat?

A

Algae - scape rocks using radula

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21
Q

How do the class Polyplacophora stay on the rocks?

A

Using their foot - large suction cup

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22
Q

What are the class Gastropoda?

A

Snails and slugs

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23
Q

What does the class Gastropoda undergo? Explain basics

A

Torsion = visceral mass and nervous system twists 90-180’ during development

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24
Q

What does the class Gastropoda have on its foot?

A

Shield for columellar muscle to attach

25
Q

Explain torsion of the class Gastropoda (3)

A
  • Veliger larva develops some adult organs (shell and foot)
  • Head and foot remain in place but visceral mass rotates so anus and mantle cavity end up same end as head
  • organs on one side of body do not develop
26
Q

What are the 2 subclasses of the class Gastropoda?

A

1- Opisthobranchia

2- Pulmonata

27
Q

What are 3 examples of the subclass Opisthobranchia of the class Gastropoda

A

Sea horses
Sea slugs
Bubble shells

28
Q

Where is the mantle cavity in the subclass Opisthobranchia of the class Gastropoda? Why?

A

Lateral or posterior due to loss or detorsion

29
Q

What are the 5 trends in the subclass Opisthobranchia of the class Gastropoda?

A

1- reduction/loss of shell
2- reduction/loss of operculum (gill covering)
3- limited torsion
4- reduction/loss of mantle cavity
5- reduction/loss of ctenidia (alternative respiratory structures)

30
Q

What is the order of the subclass Opisthobranchia of the class Gastropoda? What do they include?

A

Nudibranchio

Sea slugs

31
Q

What happens to the shell of the order Nudibranchio of the subclass Opisthobranchia of the class Gastropoda?

A

Shell is discarded at adulthood

32
Q

If adults of the order Nudibranchio of the subclass Opisthobranchia of the class Gastropoda lack mantle cavity and ctenidia, how does has exchange happen?

A

Cerata = brightly coloured extension of the digestive system

33
Q

How do the order Nudibranchio of the subclass Opisthobranchia of the class Gastropoda reproduce?

A

Hermaphrodites

34
Q

How do the order Nudibranchio of the subclass Opisthobranchia of the class Gastropoda defend themselves?

A

Some have chemicals others have unfired nematocysts from Cnidarian prey

35
Q

What happens to the mantle cavity of the subclass Pulmanata of the class Gastropoda?

A

Highly vascularized and modified to form a lung

36
Q

Do the subclass Pulmanata of the class Gastropoda have shells?

A

Most do - even slugs have theirs enclosed within their mantel

37
Q

If the subclass Pulmanata of the class Gastropoda do not have ctenidia, how do their breath? (2)

A

Either Evolve secondary gills

Or mantle cavity acts as lung so floor of cavity draws air or water in for respiration - the inlet/outlet is pneumostome

38
Q

How do the subclass Pulmanata of the class Gastropoda reproduce?

A

Hermaphrodites

39
Q

What is the class Bivalvia? 4 examples

A

Pelecypoda

Clams/mussels/oysters/shipworms

40
Q

What does pelecypoda mean?

A

2-valved shell, body is flattened laterally

41
Q

How are the subclasses of the class Bivalvia defined?

A

By their gill structures

42
Q

Explain the shell of the class Bivalvia

A

Hinged shell joined by ligament that opens when adductor muscles relax

43
Q

What 2 things does the class Bivalvia lack?

A

Cephalization and radula complex

44
Q

What are the 3 families and an example each for the class Bivalvia?

A

1- Mytilidae = mussels
2- Ostreidae = oysters
3- Pectinidae = scallops

45
Q

Explain the shape of the class Scaphopoda

A

Tusk shaped of conical shell which opens at both ends

46
Q

How does the class Scaphopoda feed?

A

Have anterior feeding tentacles

47
Q

When did the class Scaphopoda first appear?

A

450 MYA

48
Q

What 3 things does the class Scaphopoda lack?

A

Ctenidia, heart and circulatory system

49
Q

What are 4 examples of the class Cephalopoda?

A

Squid, octopus, cuttlefish and nautilus

50
Q

How many species in the class Cephalopoda? How many with shells?

A

600 spp but only 6 with shells = nautilus

51
Q

What are the 2 Mollusca taints present in the class Cephalopoda and what 2 are modified?

A 
Present = ctenidia and radula 
Modified = mantle cavity and foot
52
Q

What happens to the shell in the class Cephalopoda?

A

Many reduced or lost

Some shell is divide by septa with chambers connected by siphuncle (tube of CaCO3)

53
Q

What s the circulatory system in the class Cephalopoda?

A

Closed

54
Q

What has happened to the foot in the class Cephalopoda?

A

Modified to give flexible arms and siphon or funnel

55
Q

Explain the Brian in the class Cephalopoda

A

Ganglia (# of nerve cell bodies) fused to form large Brian in cartilaginous cranium

56
Q

What has happened to the shell in nautilus of the class Cephalopoda?

A

Coiled in planospiral fashion = whorls lie on single plane

57
Q

What does nautilus of the class Cephalopoda lack?

A

Periostracum - skin on outmost layer of shell

58
Q

If the shell of the nautilus of the class Cephalopoda is divided by a septa, who are the chambers used?

A

Only the last chamber is used but the living animal = can withdraw into chamber and cover opening with hood

59
Q

How does the nautilus of the class Cephalopoda grow?

A

With growth it moves forwards forming a new septum behind it

biology 1204 (14 decks)

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