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Biology 1204 > Arthropoda > Flashcards

Arthropoda Flashcards

1
Q

What symmetry is Arthropoda?

A

Bilateral

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2
Q

Are Arthropoda segmented?

A

Yes - often somites (parts) fused together = tagmata

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3
Q

Explain the exoskeleton on Arthropoda. What has to happen to it?

A

Cuticle secreted by epidermis

Molted at intervals = ecdysis

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4
Q

Explain the coelom of Arthropoda

A

It’s reduced with most of body cavity consisting of hemocoel = filled with blood

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5
Q

What are the 2 different excretory glands in Arthropoda?

A

1- homologous to nephridia of Annelids

2- malpigian tubules

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6
Q

What do many Arthropoda undergo? 2 types

A

Metamorphism - complete or incomplete

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7
Q

What is the cuticle of Arthropoda made out of? (3)

A

Complex protein, chitin and lipids

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8
Q

How is the cuticles secreted in Arthropoda?

A

By single layer of epidermis cells

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9
Q

How is the cuticle strengthen in Arthropoda? (2)

A

1- calcification in crustaceans

2- sclerotization in insects

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10
Q

The chitin that makes up the cuticle in Arthropoda insolvable to what? (5)

A

Water, alcohol, diluted acids, alkalis, nor attached by digestive enzymes of mammals

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11
Q

What can breakdown the chitin in the cuticle of Arthropoda? (3)

A

Snails, some insects (cockroaches) and some bacterias

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12
Q

What are the 4 subphylums of Arthropoda?

A

1- Trilobitomorpha
2- Chelicerata
3- Uniramia
4- Crustacea

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13
Q

What is the 1 class under the subphylum Trilobitomorpha? What does this include?

A

Trilobita includes trilobites

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14
Q

Why are they called trilobites in the class Trilobita?

A

Body segmented into 3 parts = axial and lateral regions

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15
Q

How are the class Trilobita similar to ancestral Arthropoda?

A

Have paired jointed limbs

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16
Q

What time range did the class Trilobita exsist?

A

Fossils range from early Cambrian (600 MYA) to being extinct by Permian (275 MYA)

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17
Q

What does the subphylum Chelicerata lack?

A

No antennae

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18
Q

Explain the body of the subphylum Chelicerata

A

No distinct head - body with 2 tagmata
1- Prosoma (cephalothorax or anterior)
2- Opisthosoma (posterior)

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19
Q

What are the 1st pair of appendages on the subphylum Chelicerata? Called?

A

On prosoma and abated for feeding = chelicerae

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20
Q

What does the opisthosoma have in the subphylum Chelicerata?

A

Up to 12 segments and a postanal telson (Appendage attached to last segment)

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21
Q

What does the subphylum Chelicerata lack?

A

No antennae

22
Q

Explain the body of the subphylum Chelicerata

A

No distinct head - body with 2 tagmata
1- Prosoma (cephalothorax or anterior)
2- Opisthosoma (posterior)

23
Q

What are the 1st pair of appendages on the subphylum Chelicerata? Called?

A

On prosoma and abated for feeding = chelicerae

24
Q

What does the opisthosoma have in the subphylum Chelicerata?

A

Up to 12 segments and a postanal telson (Appendage attached to last segment)

25
Q

What are the 3 classes for the subphylum Chelicerata?

A

1- Merostomata
2- Archnida
3- Pycnogonida

26
Q

What is the only example in the class Merostomata of the subphylum Chelicerata?

A

Horseshoe crabs

27
Q

How does the class Merostomata (horseshoe crabs) differ from the rest of the subphylum Chelicerata?

A

Where other Chelicerata appendages are reduced or absent - horseshoe crabs have large plate like limbs and book gills used for locomotion and gas exchange

28
Q

So what happens to other the Chelicerata appendages if they re reduces or lost unlike horseshoe crabs?

A

Become other Chelicerata limbs = special structures like spinnerets in spiders

29
Q

What are the 4 examples of the class Arachnida of the subphylum Chelicerata?

A

Spiders, mites, ticks and scorpions

30
Q

Explain the prosoma of the class Arachnida of the subphylum Chelicerata

A

(Cephalothorax) covered by carapace-like shield (hard shell)

31
Q

Explain the opisthosomal of the class Arachnida of the subphylum Chelicerata. 2 examples

A

Appendages have been modified or absent
Spinnerets (spiders)
Pectines (scorpions)

32
Q

What are the 2 things involved in gas exchanged for the class Arachnida of the subphylum Chelicerata?

A

Tracheae and book lungs

33
Q

How does the class Arachnida of the subphylum Chelicerata feed?

A 
Mites = parasitic 
Rest = predators - food partially digested externally then suck up by action of pumping stomach
34
Q

What is the only example of the class Pycnogonida of the subphylum Chelicerata?

A

Sea spiders

35
Q

What are the 3 things that the class Pycnogonida have in common with the rest of the subphylum Chelicerata?

A

1- claws on 1st appendages
2- tubercles with simple eyes
3- lack antennae

36
Q

What are the 3 classes of the subphylum Uniramia?

A

1- Chilopoda
2- Diplopoda
3- Insecta

37
Q

What are the examples of the classes Chilopoda and Diplopoda of the subphylum Uniramia?

A 
Chilopoda = centipedes 
Diplopoda = millipedes
38
Q

What are the 2 subclasses of the class Insecta of the subphylum Uniramia? How are they divided up?

A

1- Apterygota = wingless insects

2- Pterygota = winged insects

39
Q

What are the 2 orders of the subclass Apterygota of the class Insecta? Examples

A

1- Collembola - springtails

2- Thysanura - bristletails

40
Q

Explain bristletails of the order Thysanura of the subclass Apterygota (3)

A

Small, flattened and covered with scales

41
Q

For the subclass Pterygota of the class Insecta, what are the 2 super orders and how are they divided up?

A

1- Hemimetabola - incomplete metamorphism or exopterygota

2- Holometabola - complete metamorphism or endopterygota

42
Q

What are the 2 growth stages that both super orders of the subclass Pterygota go through?

A

1- growth and molting

2- metamorphosis

43
Q

Explain molting (4 things it includes)

A

Shedding of the outer surface of the body, lining of tracheae, lining of anterior and posterior parts of the guts

44
Q

Explain simple or incomplete or exopterygota metamorphosis (4)

A

Wings develop externally
Compound eye present
No resting stage for adults
Young called nymphs = similar but smaller to adults

45
Q

Explain complete or endopterygota metamorphosis (stages + 4)

A 
Egg -> larva -> pupa -> adult 
Larva is grub like 
Some have legs and others don't 
No compound eyes
Wings start to develop internally
46
Q

What are the 4 orders of the super order Hemimetabola of the subclass Pterygota of the class Inescta of the subphylum Uniramia? Give an example for each.

A

1- Odonata - dragonflies
2- Ephemeroptera - mayflies
3- Orthoptera - grasshoppers
4- Blateria - cockroaches

47
Q

What are the 4 orders of the super order Holometabola of the subclass Pterygota of the class Inescta of the subphylum Uniramia? Give an example for each.

A

1- Coleoptera - beetles
2- Diptera - true flies
3- Lepidoptera - moths and butterflies
4- Hymenoptera - ants, bees, and wasps

48
Q

Explain the body of the subphylum Crustacea

A

5 segmented regions = head and long trunk with thorax and abdomen

49
Q

Explain the head of the subphylum Crustacea (2)

A

Head has 5 pairs of appendages including 2 pairs of antennae
Cephalic shield or carapace present

50
Q

Explain the larval form of the subphylum Crustacea

A

Nauplius (unsegmented w/ single eye) larva with 3 pairs of appendages (even species that hatch later will still go through this stage)

51
Q

What are the 5 class of the subphylum Crustacea? Give examples

A 
1- Branchiopoda - brine shrimps and water fleas
2- Ostracoda - ostracods
3- Copepoda - copepods
4- Cirripedia - barnacles
5- Malacostraca - crabs and shrimps
52
Q

Explain the body of the class Malacostraca of the subphylum Crustacea (3)

A

Thorax has 8 segments
Abdomen has 6-7 segments and telson (last segment)
Appendages on 6th abdominal segment is flattened to form uropods (tail fan)

Biology 1204 (14 decks)

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