populations and communities Flashcards
define carrying capacity
the maximum number of individuals of a species that an environment can sustainably support without deterioration in the quality of the resources
negative feedback in terms of population growth
mechanisms or processes that act to regulate//decrease population size when it exceeds the carrying capacity of the environment
density dependant limiting factors
factors that depend on the populations size eg competition, predition, food, disease itd itp
like they brought that shit upon themselves
density independent limiting factors
factors thet they didnt bring on themselves and the population size doesnt have shit to do with them wild fire, volcanic eruptions, hurricane, deforestation
what do individuals compete for
a higher density will result in lesser amounts of resources hence competition
what determines the intensity of predation
the higher the density of a population the more intense the predation
disease and parasitism
the higher the density the more likely the spreaf transmission of disease
community
a group of species that lives on a particular area//in a particular habitat
competition for plants
light
space
water and nutrients
pollen to be distributed by pollinators (attention from pollinators)
competition for animals
space
nestling sites
water as a resource
food
benefits from coordinations in birds
warmth and protection to everyone
benefits from coordinations for wolves
social predation increases chances of success (circling on prey)
benefits from coordinations for (weird) fishes
fish that form a tight shoal are harder for predators to catch (HOW) taki hive mind sie robi
benefits from coordinations for meerkats
shared parental care
like babysitting
and other ppl can do other shit like gather food for example
herbivory
primary consumers feeding on producers
bison grazing on grasses
predation
one consumer species (the predator) killing and eating another consumer species (prey)
starfish eating oyster
cheetah eating gazelle
interspecific competition
two or more species using the same resource when one species eating is taking food away from the other species because there isnt as much available
lions and hyenas
mutualism
two species like neighbouring (habitating rlly close to one another) and both benefit from this
birds picking teeth of crocodiles
mycorrhizal fungi growing into roots
parasitism
one species (the parasite) living inside, or on the outer space of another species (the host) and obtaining food from the
the host is harmed and the parasite benefits from this
tape worm
ticks
lice
etc
pathogenicity
one species (the pathogen) living inside another species (the host) causing a disease for the host
mycobacterium tuberculosis causes TB
explain cyclic oscillation
snowshoe hare population increases
predation pressure on snowshoes
lynx population decline
snowshoe hare population decline
snowshoe hare population recovery
repeat
mutualistic relationships
two species cohabitating and both benefiting from this
