membrane transport

Question 1

amphipathic

Answer 1

having both hydrophobic snd hydrophilic groups, cell membrane has a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, which makes it amphipathic

Question 2

peripheral proteins

Answer 2

located on the surface, support communication enzymes, molecule transfer

Question 3

integral protein

Answer 3

on the inside, movement of molecules across them and transporting energy and signals

Question 4

carbohydrate on glycoproteins

Answer 4

cellular membranes that work like id cards for our cells- to know if its our own cell or not so cellular recognition

Question 5

cholesterol

Answer 5

the silly little black thingys in the tails and they help the fluidity of the membrane

Question 6

higher protein content results in

Answer 6

a more active cell

Question 7

cell adhesion

Answer 7

two proteins stick together to combine cells

Question 8

enzymatic

Answer 8

lower activation energy necessary for a chemical reaction to occur by stabilising the transition state

Question 9

pumps for active transport

Answer 9

move ions and solutes across the membrane in active transport

Question 10

cell to cell communication

Answer 10

a way for cells to communivcate or recognise themselves dor examle a sending cell sends an information in the form of a carbohydrate on protein that touvhes the receiving cell dhowing it its id

Question 11

hormone binding

Answer 11

regulation of the amount of protein entering the cell

Question 12

channe//carrier proteins

Answer 12

create hydrophilic holes in cell membrane allowing the transport of molecules; carrier proteins are integral proteins that transport chemicals molecules and all across the membrane

Question 13

simple diffusion

Answer 13

a passive (no atp) form of transport
its diffusion so it particles moving from high to low concentration
and because its simple diffusion the assistance of membrane proteins is unnecessary the particle simply moves from high to low concentration just like that like it jjust flows

Question 14

facilitated diffusion

Answer 14

a passive (no atp needed) form of transport
and like with simple diffusion it goes from high to low concentration
however, the assistance of transport proteins is required, they havr tp like go through it

Question 15

solute

Answer 15

a substance (like salt//sugar) that can dissolve within a solvent (water)

water moves across to areas of higher solute concentration as it is kind of trying to even the concentration out

Question 16

hypertonic

Answer 16

so a solvent with higher solute concentration
(you cant just say something is hypertonic you have to say that in comparison to somethimg…
like seas are hypertonic to lakes, side b is hypertonic to side a)

Question 17

hypotonic

Answer 17

a solvent with a lower solute concentration
(you cant just say somethimg is hypotonic, you need ti compare it to sometjimg so like
lakes are hypotonic to seas, side a is hypotonic to side b)

Question 18

osmosis

Answer 18

a passive (no atp needed) movement of water through a semi permeable membrane water molecules mostly tiny so they can just pass through it like in simple diffusion or they can go through protein channels like in facilitated diffusion if they form larger quantities (aquaporins)

high concentration—> low concentration
low solute concentration—>high solute concentration

so water goes to the place with the highest salt (or other solute) concentration
(also we can say to places with lower water potential)

Question 19

what is in cell membrane

Answer 19

peripheral protein, internal protein, glycolipid, glycoprotein, phospolipids (with phosphate head and fatty acid tail), protein channel, cholesterol

Question 20

aquaporins

Answer 20

a family of membrane water channel proteins that serve as channels in the transfer of water molecules in the membrane (channel proteins for water) found in kidneys and root hair cells

Question 21

protein pumps

Answer 21

active transport (requires atp) usually transports particles against the concentration gradient, interconvertible between 2 different conformations 1) the transported particle can enter the pump from one side of the membrane to centre then the protein pump changes to the original conformation everything is used to change the protein from one of the conformation (more stable) to the other (less stable) but the reverse charge doesnt require energy

Question 22

glycolax

Answer 22

a dense gel like meshwork that surrounds the cell creating a barrier for any bbad object (like pathogen) to enter the cell

Question 23

glycoprotein

Answer 23

carbohydrate attached protein its lilke an id card for your cell it plays a a maaajor role in cell recognition

Question 24

glycolipid

Answer 24

carbogydrate attached lipid

maintains the stability of the cwll membrane and to allow cellular recognition.

Question 25

what impacts simpple difussion

Answer 25

temperature, distance of diffusion , size and type of the molecules, surface area, concentration gradient

Question 26

how does temperaturet affect simple diffusion

Answer 26

temperature increases energy and therefore the speed of of molecules and so they diffuse faster

Question 27

how does concentration gradient affect simple diffusion

Answer 27

the greater the difference in concentration between two regions the greater the amount of diffusion at a time

Question 28

how does the surface area affect simple diffusion

Answer 28

the largwr the surface area the greater the rate of diffusion

Question 29

how does the size and type of molecules affect simple diffusion

Answer 29

smaller uncharged molecules diffuse faster than larger charged molecules

Question 30

bilu boli opapa

Answer 30

fikumiku tralala