cellular respiration Flashcards
why is atp a nucleotide
-composed of a 5carbon sugar (ribose)
-nitrogenous base (adenine)
-three phosphate groups
what properties of atp make it suitable as an energy source
-small and releases little but efficient energy
-can be recycled
-small, hence it can be transported easily
-cannot simply move through cell membranes through simple diffusion so its controllable
-universal to all living things
hydrolysis
the process where atp is split into adp and p through the addition of water
condensation reaction
reverse process to hydrolysis, making atp from adp, through the removal of water
organic compounds
primary initial energy source, from food,
molecules containing
carbon-carbon or
carbon-hyrogen bonds
like glucose or fatty acids
and through metabolic processes they get oxidised and the potential energy stored in them get transformed into ATP
most important organic compounds in cellular respiration
glucose, pyruvate, NADH and FADH2, and acetyl-CoA
the three main purposes of atp
-synthesising macromolecules
-active transport
-movement
synthesising macromolecules
-synthesis of starch from glucose (in plants)
-production of protein
-dna replication (joining the nucleotides together)
movement
-muscle contractions
-movement of flagella
active transport
-transport of substances against the concentration gradient in membrane transport (like active transport its in the name)
-endocytosis//exocytosis
aerobic
with oxygen
anaerobic
no oxygen
anaerobic respiration
quickly produces small quantities of atp
aerobic respiration
slowly produces large quantities of oxygen
what situations require anaerobic respiration
-when short rapid bursts of atp ar needed
-when oxygen supplies run out of respirating cells
oxygen deficit environmwnt
high intensity exercise has anaerobic respiration bc
-not enough time to deliver O2 to the cells for aerobic respiration
-the supply of energy needs to be fast ad available quickly so that the power can me maximised
substrates used in anaerobic respiration
only carbohydrates
substrates used in aerobic respiration
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
waste products in anaerobic cellular respiration
in humans: lactate
in yeast: ethanol CO2
waste product in aerobic respiration
CO2 + h2O
yield of atp in anaeobic cellular respiration
2md ATP small and fast
yield of atp in aerobic respiration
30md atp slow and large
location of anaerobic respiration
cytoplasm
location od aerobic respiration
mitochondria
word equation for reaction anaerobic respiration
glucose—-> lactate
glucose—–>CO2+C2H5OH
word equation for aerobic respiration reaction
glucose + oxygen—->CO2 + H2O
purpose of anaerobic cellular respiration
small, fast doses of ATP
purpose of aerobic cellular respiration
large quantities of ATP for a longer period of time
what needs the most ATP
red blood cell
what affects cellular respiration rates
- metabolic rate of the cell
- the size of the organism
- supply of oxygen
- supply of substrates for respiration
- temperature
- ph
metabolic rate of the cell
like muscle cells require more energy cause ig they have higher metabolic rates
the size of the organism
smaller organisms have a larger surface area compared to their size sooo higher respitory rate bc more heat loss
supply of oxygen
cell need a constant supply of oxygen to release their maximum capacity of ATP and if they arent supplied well enough they will respire anaerobically (through glycolysis)
temperature
bc its controled by enzymes
ph
enzymes
