ENZYMES

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

then whole sum of reactions that take place within the body and supply it with energy

Question 2

how enzumes help the rate of reaction

Answer 2

lower the activation energy

Question 3

examples of anabolic

Answer 3

calvin cycle, synthesis of protein, simple sugars to polysaccharides, condensation reaction

Question 4

catabolic reactions examples

Answer 4

glycolysis, hydrolysis, light dependant reaction, digestion

Question 5

induced fit model

Answer 5

the shape of the active site of the enzyme is slightly mouldable and can be adjusted to fit. the subtrate through a variety of mechanisms (changws in ph and temperature, coenzyme binding)

Question 6

denaturation of enzymes

Answer 6

since enzymes are protein and the induced fit model shit their sturcuture can be modified by ph or temperature or something but when it gets altered enough ttoo considerably then its denatured

Question 7

high temp denaturation

Answer 7

the extra energy increases the vibration of the molecule which breaks the intra mollecular bonds

Question 8

ph changes denaturation

Answer 8

pH is a measure for the number of hydrogen ions in a solution. The higher the concentration, the lower the pH. The pH scale is logarithmic, a change in pH by one unit means a tenfold rise in hydrogen ions.

so acidic is more H+ ionns and basic is more OH- ions which changes the chemical structure of the amino acids builiding the protein

Question 9

how concentrarion changes affect enzumes reaction efficiency

Answer 9

Increasing substrate concentration increases the rate of reaction, because the chances of molecular (successful) collisions between active site of the enzyme and substrate have increased

at optimun range, all active sites are busy and full

if the concentration goes beyond the optiumum range, there will be no effect as there arent any other active sites to be used

and if the concentration graddient gets too big its also bad because it blocks molecular motion

Question 10

how does an enzyme lower the activation energy

Answer 10

the activation energy is crucial for breaking and or weakening the bonds in the
substances
and the enzume weakens or breaks the bonds
weakening bonds and therefore less energy is needed for the reaction to occur. After the products have been formed, energy is released

Question 11

the transition state

Answer 11

The transition state is an intermediate state before being converted into products, e.g. bonds need to be broken or weakened in a substance. This is what the activation energy is used for.

so ig its activation energy kind of

Question 12

what is the actibe site made out of

Answer 12

active site is composed od a few amino acids, which ensure that overall chemical properties of the active site complement the substrate

Question 14

enzyme catalysis

Answer 14

enzyme catalysis involves a molecular motion and the collision of substrates with the active site
for an enzyme-catalysed reaction to take place substrates collide at random with the enzymes active site and its unsuccessful if they arent alligned perfectly

Question 15

exergonic reactio

Answer 15

asically a reaction which releases energy; if the reactants contain more energy than the products and free energy is released into the system (usually catabolic, breaking down, as energy is released from bonds broken within a molecule)

Question 16

endergonic reaction

Answer 16

a reaction in which absorbing energy is a necessity in order for the reaction to take place; when the reactants contain less energy than the product, free energy is lost to the system
(usually anabolic, as energy is required to synthesise bonds between molecules)