Population Ecology

Question 1

population

Answer 1

a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area at the same time

Question 2

dispersal

Answer 2

movement of individuals into or out of a population (immigration/emigration)

Question 3

migration

Answer 3

specific type of dispersal

Question 4

metapopulation

Answer 4

group of geographically isolated populations linked together by dispersal

Question 5

range

Answer 5

geographical distribution of entire species

Question 6

dispersion pattern

Answer 6

spatial arrangement of individuals within a population

Question 7

clumped dispersion

Answer 7

individuals in groups

Question 8

uniform dispersion

Answer 8

individuals evenly distributed

Question 9

random dispersion

Answer 9

individuals randomly spaced

Question 10

clumped dispersion occurs because

Answer 10

individuals attracted to one another (protection, social behavior), resources are patchy, limited dispersal ability

Question 11

uniform dispersion occurs because

Answer 11

antagonistic interactions among individuals (competition for resources/territory)

Question 12

random dispersion occurs because

Answer 12

individuals can survive many habitats (wind/animal dispersed seeds)

Question 13

survivorship type I

Answer 13

many young survive until old age

Question 14

survivorship type II

Answer 14

steady survivorship throughout lifespan

Question 15

survivorship type III

Answer 15

many young die then the young that survive live until old age

Question 16

life history

Answer 16

describes how an individual allocates resources to growth, survival, and reproduction

Question 17

life histories shaped by

Answer 17

natural selection

Question 18

tradeoffs - low fecundity

Answer 18

high survivorship

Question 19

tradeoffs - high fecundity

Answer 19

low survivorships

Question 20

why is there tradeoff with fecundity and survivroship

Answer 20

all has to do with allocation of resources

Question 21

exponential growth

Answer 21

as population size increases, the rate at which the population increases also increases

Question 22

R0 cannot be compared

Answer 22

across species because it is scaled to generation time

Question 23

r corrects for

Answer 23

generation time and can be used to compare population growth rates across multiple species

Question 24

R0 gives us

Answer 24

more detailed information about what is contributing to the growth rate

Question 25

exponential population growth is considered

Answer 25

density independent because r does not change over time

Question 26

exponential growth observed when

Answer 26

few individuals found new population (founder); catastrophe reduces population size to few individuals (bottleneck)

Question 27

carrrying capacity (K)

Answer 27

max number of individuals that can be supported in a habitat indefinitely

Question 28

N

Answer 28

total population size

Question 29

m1

Answer 29

number of individuals marks at first sampling

Question 30

m2

Answer 30

numver of marked individuals re-captured

Question 31

n2

Answer 31

total number of individuals captured at second sampling

Question 32

deltaN

Answer 32

change in population size

Question 33

human populations represented by

Answer 33

age pyramids

Question 34

mx (age specific fecundity)

Answer 34

average number of female offspring produced by each female in a population in each age class

Question 35

lx (survivorship)

Answer 35

proportion of offspring that survive on average to a given age

Question 36

Nx

Answer 36

number of females in age class x

Question 37

N0

Answer 37

number of females in original cohort

Question 38

R0

Answer 38

net reproductive rate - average number of female offspring produces by female over her lifetime

Question 39

R0 <1

Answer 39

population is shrinking

Question 40

R0 equals 1

Answer 40

populaiton is stable

Question 41

R0 > 1

Answer 41

population is growing

Question 42

life table

Answer 42

summarizes the probability that an individual will survive and reproduce