Molecular Genetics: Scientists & Experiments Flashcards
Mendel
Theory of Particulate Inheritance and Principles of Segregation and Independent Assortment - did not know what the “hereditary factors” were
Sutton and Boveri
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance: hypothesized meiosis could explain Mendel’s observations, but had no real evidence
Morgan
experiments with sex-linkage in fruit flies - genes located on chromosomes
Hershey & Chase
experiment using phages with tagged capsid (sulfur) vs. tagged DNA (phosphorous) indicates viruses infect bacteria with DNA
Watson & Crick
proposed double helix secondary structure of DNA and provided semiconservative model for replication
Meselson & Stahl
E. coli cultured in heavy nitrogen vs. light nitrogen then density-gradient diffusion - proves semiconservative model of replication
Beadle & Tatum
hypothesized broken gene vs. healthy gene can determine what the gene does - One Gene One Enzyme Hypothesis
Crick’s Genetic Code Hypothesis
DNA encodes protein directly (wrong)
Jacob & Monod
hypothesized mRNA serves as messengers between DNA and ribosomes - later confirmed by discovery of RNA polymerase
Nirenberg & Leder
cracked the genetic code (codon-amino acid pairs) by mixing radiolabeled tRNAs, ribosomes, and RNA codons and sending mixture through filter
Crick - translation
proposed adapter molecule that interacts with mRNA on one end and amino acid on the other
Jacob & Monod - lac operon
discovered glucose inhibits B-galactosidase production even in presence of lactose - mutated E. coli until it couldn’t grow on lactose media
Weintrub & Groudine
tested functionality of condensed chromatin with DNAse assay between B-globin vs. Ovalbumin in chicken RBCs
Project Ice Storm
long-term study of effects of maternal stress on offspring development & chromatin modification
