Population and Environment NEW Flashcards
reasons for increase in food production.
-increased use in farming machinery
-increased farming resources e.g. pesticides
-better farming management
what is the global pattern for food consumption?
an increase as population is increasing and they consume more food and a few countries average under 1750kcal per day
why do HICS consume more than developing countries?
HICs having more money to import and invest in agriculture , as well as more money per person to buy food
how does food consumption vary regionally (cereals)?
-50% of calories globally are from cereals
- In Africa and Asia, cereals account for up to 70% of energy intake , whereas in high income countries it is 30%.
-Rice consumption is highest in China and Eastern Asian countries
how does food consumption vary regionally (meats)?
-Developed countries eat the most meat
-pig, sheep, cattle, and poultry are the main meats consumed in HIC regions
-Middle-East, India, and Africa, camels and goats are the dominant meat
how does food consumption vary regionally (fats oils and sugars)?
-consumption is highest in HICS due to consumerist culture
what is an agriculture system?
it produces yields through the addition of resources and processes. Seen as system as there are inputs outputs and processes.
physical inputs in agriculture system.
climate
soil
location
pollination
human inputs in agriculture system.
seeds and live stock
farming machinery
labour
fertilisers and pesticides
processes in agriculture system.
arable farming:
planting seeds
harvesting
tending to land
pastoral farming:
tending to livestock
breeding
collecting produce
what is agricultural productivity?
the amount of useful outputs (yield) in proportion to the amount of inputs, showing the efficiency of the farm
what factors affect productivity?
type of farming:
-substinence
-commercial
-intensive
-extensive
-climate
-soil
what is intensive farming?
-high input in relation to agricultural land to produce highest output possible
what is extensive farming?
-low input in relation to agricultural land and producing lower outputs
what is commercial farming?
-agriculture with the intention of providing yields that can be
sold commercially, making a profit.
what is substinence farming?
-self-sufficient farming, where crops are grown only to
support those growing the crops family or community, with little or no profit.
how does the climate affect productivity?
precipitaion,humidity,wind and temperature can have an affect.
how do soils affect productivity?
issues with soil can affect productivity.
how will climate change affect agriculture?
some places will become more productive whilst others becomes less productive.
-majority of the world will suffer from yield declines when areas like Canada, Europe and some of Central Asia will face yield increase.
-increase in extreme weather events likely to decrease productivity
-rising sea levels will cause flooding in low lying areas e.g Bangladesh
-
define food security.
when all people at all times have access to enough safe and nutritious food required for a health life.
what are the 3 stratergies to improve food security?
-improving food production
-increasing food access
-reducing waste
what is the example of how technology has increased food security.
The Green Revolution- increases use of fertilisers/pesticides, irrigation and development of high yielding varieties (HYVs) increased yields in areas such as India.
how many people experience chronic hunger globally?
1 in 10 people
explain improving food production as a strategy of improving food security
new echnology (e.g. GM crops)
can increase the amount of
food being produced, which
therefore increases food
security as there is more
food available which may be healthy
explain improving food access as a strategy of improving food security
access to foreign markets
means they can import food,
increasing food security.
e.g.trading blocs
explain reducing waste as a strategy of improving food security
Waste can be reduced by
harvesting natural resources
and having better storage
