Population and Environment :Environment, health and well-being Flashcards
what are indicators of development.
Health, mortality and morbidity
define mortality.
refers to the number of deaths over time per 1000 of the population.
where are the highest crude death rates?
in Northern Africa, Eastern Europe and Russia.
What area has the lowest mortality rates?
Central America and the Middle East.
define infant mortality.
the number of infants that die per 1000 births.
Where has the highest infant mortality rates?
African and Pakistan,Afghanistan and Laos
where has the lowest infant mortality rates?
usually HICS in Europe and Northern America
How are morbidity rates shown?
in the prevalence of diseases
what is the pattern for morbidity rates globally?
HICs tend to have higher prevalence of non-communicable diseases whereas LICs tend to have a high prevalence of communicable diseases
what is the epidemiological transition model(ETM)?
shows how morbidity(and therefore mortality)changes when a society develops over time
what does the epidemiological transition model demonstrate?
that over time the rate of infectious diseases decrease and the rate of non-communicable diseases increase
factors that cause change in ETM?
-advancements in medicine and technology
-many pandemics
-society causing diseases due to lifestyle
climate and incidence of disease:High temperatures
-prevalance of vector borne diseases e.g. malaria
-can bring about hazards which brings disease after e.g. cholera which spreads in water (however not caused by environmental factors more socio-economic factors)
climate and the incidence of disease:topography
low lying areas are prone to water borne diseases ad they have poor drainage and stagnant water
climate and the incidence of disease:Sunlight and exposure
little sunlight-can cause SAD (seasonal affective disorder ) and vitamin D deficiency
too much sunlight-skin cancer e.g. Australia
