Hazards:Eathquakes Flashcards

1
Q

focus

A

point where pressure is released in the crust

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2
Q

epicentre

A

point on the earths surface directly above the focus

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3
Q

depths of earthquakes and the measurements

A

shallow-0-70 km
intermediate 70-300km
deep 300-700km

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4
Q

how do some earthquakes occur not on plate boundaries?

A

intra plate deformation
human activity e.g. mining
fault lines

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5
Q

types of seismic waves

A

primary
secondary
love

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6
Q

what are body waves and examples?

A

waves that travel through the earths body e.g. primary and secondary

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7
Q

what are surface waves and examples?

A

waves that travel across the earths surface e.g. love waves

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8
Q

primary waves characteristics

A

-fastest
-travel through solids and liquids
-back/forwards motion

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9
Q

secondary waves characteristics

A

-slower than primary
-through solids only
-side ways motion

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10
Q

love waves characteristics

A

-slowest
-most damaging
-side to side motion

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11
Q

how to measure earthquakes

A

richter scale and mercalli scale

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12
Q

richter scale characterstics

A

-logarithmic scale (each is 10X larger than last)
-0-10

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13
Q

mercalli scale characteristics

A

-measures intensity and impact
1-12

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14
Q

how is frequency measured

A

-historical records- powerful earthquakes only

seismic records-seisometer-developed in 1848

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15
Q

primary impacts

A

ground shaking
ground rupture

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16
Q

secondary impacts

A

tsunamis
fires
-buildings collapsing
liquefaction
landslides/avalanches

17
Q

what are tsunamis ?

A

large sea waves that are 25m +
occur when shallow earthquakes

18
Q

effects of tsunamis

A

drowning
diseases spread-chlorea and typhoid
injury from debris

19
Q

prediction of earthquakes

A

cant be predicted but:
-animal behaviour as they can sense tremors before

20
Q

prevention of earthquakes

A

can be prevented

21
Q

protection of earthquakes

A

-earthquake proof buildings
-land use planning
-insurance