CASE STUDY-HOLDERNESS COAST Flashcards

1
Q

how fast is the coast eroding every year?

A

around 2m per year.

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2
Q

what is the Geology like?

A

at Flamborough head-boulder clay overlying chalk cliffs.
alluvium- loose clay, silt, sand, or gravel that has been deposited
boulder clay is structurally weak and has little resistant to erosion

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3
Q

what is the fetch like on the coast?

A

-exposed to wind and waves from the North-East with a fetch of 500-800km across the North Sea

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4
Q

how does the weather affect the coast?

A

winter storms in North sea are often intense and the low pressure raises the sea level, producing higher tides than normal and the storms add energy to the waves

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5
Q

what kind of mass movement is common along the coast?

A

rotational slumps and major landslides

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6
Q

what happens regarding longshore drift?

A

boulder clay erodes easily and produces very small, fine clay particles which are easily transported by longshore drift along the coast an is deposited elsewhere.

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7
Q

what is the sediment cell of Holderness?

A

Flamborough head-source region
Holderness coast-transfer region
Spurn head-sink region
a sediment cell is a linked system of sources transfers and sinks of sediment along a section of coastline

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8
Q

how is equilibrium upset on the Holderness coast?

A

can be upset by natural vents and human actions e.g. the rock groynes at Mappleton which cost £2 million and starved other places of sediment

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9
Q

what are the social effects of processes?

A
  • 30 villages lost since the roman times.
  • difficult to get insurance/mortgage
  • property prices along the coast fallen sharply
  • loss of homes and a dairy farm
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10
Q

what are the economical effects of processes?

A
  • 80,000m² of good quality farmland is lost each year
  • tourist number is Bridlington dropped by over 30% between 1998-2006
  • loss of jobs in the area is resulting in internal migration of young people.
  • Gas terminal at Easington at risk as its 25m away form cliff edge and it provides 25% of Britain’s gas supply
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11
Q

what are the environmental effects of processes?

A

SSSIs(sites of special scientific interest) are threatened -the lagoons near Easington
-the Lagoon is separated from the sea by a narrow strip of sand and shingle and if eroded lagoon would be lost

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12
Q

what is the future threat?

A

if sea levels continue to rise by a couple meters due to climate change by the end of the century all settlements will be lost.

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13
Q

what is the strategy at Hornsea?

A
  • holiday resort, hotels
    defences: sea walls, rock armour, groynes
    impact: groynes maintain the beach but down the coast Mappleton has been starved of sediment as a result
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14
Q

what is the strategy at Mappleton?

A
  • settlement
    defences: 2 rock groynes (£2million,1991), Rock armour
    impact: At Great Cowden 3km south of Mappleton sediment starvation has occurred causing increased erosion of the cliffs
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15
Q

what is the strategy at Withernsea?

A

defences: straight sea wall (1875)over time base of the wall was eroded and it collapsed and in 1990 the wall was replaced by a curved wall(£6.3 million)
impact: waves are noisier when breaking against walls. Views from sea front hotels are restricted and some find the rip-rap at the base of sea wall unattractive

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16
Q

where is the Holderness coast?

A

east coast of England

17
Q

where was there a starvation of sediment due to the 2 rock groynes?

A

Great Cowden(cliff eroded there )

18
Q

what are the environmental challenges?

A
  • SSSIs threatened-lagoon near easington which is separated from the sea by narrow strip of sand
  • freshwater mere at Hornsea has problems with occasional sea water inundation
19
Q

Where is there a nature reserve

A

At spurn head