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Anatomy > Pool Questions 9 > Flashcards

Pool Questions 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the mechanisms driving the effectiveness of drugs such as Viagra and Cialis?

A

Pills help make nitric oxide to for vasodilation Viagra: Stimulates both the formation and decreases the degradation of nitric oxide Cialis: Decreases degradation of nitric oxide

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2
Q

How can an STD such as Chlamydia impair pregnancy?

A

creates scarring in the isthmus which narrows it. Greater chance of ectopic pregnancy due to inability for fertilized embryo to make it to uterine cavity

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3
Q

Explain the process of a vasectomy

A

cut ductus deferens between two tied portions, sperm can now no longer leave body

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4
Q

What is the difference between primary follicles and primordial follicles?

A

Primary Follicle: 2+ layers of cuboidal granulosa cells, enclose oocyte Primordial Follicle: One layer of squamous-like follicle cells, surrounds oocyte

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5
Q

When a follicle is in its most developed stage, it is referred to as a(n) _________.

A

Graffian follicle

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6
Q

Explain the development and purpose of the corpus luteum.

A

After oocyte is expelled into fallopian tube, remnants of former mature follicle form luteum. Produces progesterone and some estrogen for rest of cycle

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7
Q

What two hormones are secreted by the pituitary glands to stimulate the female reproductive system?

A

FSH and LH

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8
Q

What hormone is released by the hypothalamus which stimulates the release of the hormones described in the previous question?

A

GnRH

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9
Q

Approximately how many days is the ovarian cycle?

A

28 days

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10
Q

Why does the scrotum descend down from the abdominal wall?

A

To optimize sperm production

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11
Q

What muscle is responsible for raising the testes?

A

cremaster muscle

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12
Q

What function does the epididymis perform?

A

matures and stores spermatozoa for up to 30 days

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13
Q

What function does the vas deferens perform?

A

tubule that allows movement of sperm from testes/epididymus to the ejaculatory duct which then goes to urethra

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14
Q

What is a vasectomy?

A

cutting of ductus deferens

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15
Q

What function does the prostate perform?

A

Secretes fluid that nourishes and protects the sperm

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16
Q

What is hyperplasia of the prostate mean?

A

Increase in the amount of tissue in the prostate, enlarged prostate

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17
Q

T/F The seminal fluid travels through the prostatic urethra

A

True

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18
Q

What is the Dartus muscle?

A

Layer of connective tissue found in the shaft and the scrotum. Works in conjunction with the cremaster muscle to elevate testes.

19
Q

What is the ideal temperature of the testes?

A

33-34 degrees C or 3 degrees lower than core temperature

20
Q

What happens to the testes during a hot day?

A

drop down away from core

21
Q

What is the name of the canal the spermatic cord travels?

A

Inguinal Canal

22
Q

Why is the inguinal canal a potential area for herniation?

A

The anatomic arrangement of muscular and fascial layers of the lower abdomen makes this area prone to weakness

23
Q

What function does the rete of testis perform?

A

Gives rise to several ducts that join the epididymis, transports sperm

24
Q

How many spermatozoa are produced per day?

A

Roughly 85 million/day per teste

25
Q

What do serotoli cells produce?

A

Androgen-binding protein (testosterone binding globulin)

26
Q

What do Leydig cells produce?

A

Testosterone in the presence of Luteinizing hormone (LH)

27
Q

What envelopes the ovaries and fallopian tubes

A

Broad ligament

28
Q

What is menarche?

A

The first menstrual cycle

29
Q

How many primordial follicles are within the ovary at birth?

A

300-400 thousand

30
Q

How many primordial follicles are released during each menses, approximately?

A

15-20

31
Q

What is the proper maturation of the primordial follicle to an ovum?

A

Primordial -> primary -> secondary (graafian) ->Ovum

32
Q

What function does the corpus luteum perform?

A

After rupturing- acts as temporary endocrine gland

33
Q

T/F The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine gland?

A

true

34
Q

T/F The entire uterine layer will slough off during menses

A

False

35
Q

Which layer of uterus increases prior to menses?

A

Functional

36
Q

Why does the functional layer increase through the menstrual cycle?

A

Prepare to provide nourishment if egg is fertilized

37
Q

What are the phases of the Ovarian cycle?

A

Follicular phase (Ovulation day 14) Luteal Phase

38
Q

What are the phases of the uterine cycle?

A

Menstrual Phase (day 0-4)

Proliferative / Pre-Ovulatory Phase (day 4-14)

Secretory / Post-Ovulatory Phase (day 14-28)

39
Q

What are fimbriae?

A

Fringe of tissue around the ostium of the fallopian tube, in the direction of the ovary

40
Q

What is the isthmus?

A

Narrowest and thickest part of the fallopian tube

41
Q

What triggers the sloughing off of the functional layer?

A

Fertilization does not occur, progesterone levels fall, endometrial cells begin to die, weakened capillary beds

42
Q

What are the areas of external genitalia?

A

Male: penis, scrotum Female: (vulva) mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris

43
Q
A
  1. Urinary Bladder
  2. Urethra
  3. Prostate Gland
  4. Corpus cavernosum
  5. Seminal Vesicle
  6. Epididymis
  7. Spermatic Cord
  8. Testes
44
Q
A
  1. Vagina
  2. Cervix
  3. Myometrium
  4. Uterine cavity
  5. Fallopian Tube
  6. Fimbria
  7. Ovary
  8. Endometrium

Anatomy (17 decks)

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