Pool Questions 6 Flashcards
How does the subclavius contribute to depression of the shoulder girdle?
Pulls down on clavicle which is connected to scapula at acromion
Head 1 of the trapezius runs where?
Occipital bone → clavicle
Why are the rhomboids prime movers for shoulder girdle elevation?
rhomboids major pulls from the spine to the
inferior angle of scapula and the rhomboids minor pulls near the spine of the scapula
so they are synergistic with traps 1 & 2 and the levator scapulae
Why is the intertubercular synovial sheath important?
Minimizes friction
Aid mobility
What is the function of the labrum?
Holds the joint together
Deepens the articular cavity
Protects the edges of the bone
T/F The teres minor is responsible for internal rotation of the humerus
False- Lateral Rotation
T/F The infraspinatus is responsible for lateral rotation of the humerus
True
What is impingement syndrome?
Supraspinatus caught between humerus and clavicle/scapula from repeated overexertion of abduction (baseball pitch/ butterfly swimming stroke)
Damage to the medial collateral ligament of the elbow can be repaired via what surgery?
Tommy John Surgery
During the iron cross movement in gymnastics, what action is the pectoralis major performing?
Adduction - too keep arms from lifting all the way up
Where does the biceps insert?
Tuberosity of radius
What is the advantage of bicep curls in a supinated position compared to pronated?
There is a straight line from the muscle to the tendon. “direct line of pull” When in the pronated position the radius is rotated and the bicep does not have a direct path to insertion during contraction
T/F Approximately 50% of bicep force generation is reduced in the pronated position
False 40%
What difference does the force have the brachialis during supination vs. pronation?
Brachialis is not a prime mover during pronation, only during supination.
T/F The brachioradialis is a muscle which an action at both the elbow and wrist
False- only flexes elbow
T/F The ulna collateral ligament (medial collateral ligament) can be stretched and torn during a baseball pitch
True
The annular ligament performs what function?
Keeps the radius in contact with the ulna at the radial notch.
The olecranon process interfaces with what?
Olecranon fossa of humerus when extended
T/F The epicondyles are secondary growth centers
True
T/F Flexors will have attachments near the lateral epicondyle
False - flexors have attachments near the medial epicondyle of the humerus
T/F The capitulum is located on the medial epicondyle side of the humerus
False- lateral side
Little league elbow can be damaging to children why?
Recurrent microtrauma of the elbow joint can lead to little league elbow, a syndrome that encompasses (1) delayed or accelerated growth of the medial epicondyle (medial epicondylar apophysitis), (2) traction apophysitis (medial epicondylar fragmentation), and (3) medial epicondylitis
What joint is located between the radius and ulna?
Radioulnar joint
At what point on the ulna does the radius rotate over?
Radial notch
T/F The styloid process of the ulna is larger than the styloid process of the radius
Fasle
Where does the biceps insert?
Tuberosity of radius
Even though the brachialis inserts on the radius, why is no force lost
Force of the muscle will be constant
T/F During contraction the supinator wraps around the radius
False. During relaxation of supinator (pronation of forearm), it wraps around radius
T/F During extension there is a single pull on each metacarpal by the individual tendons
False
What is the difference between abduction and extension of the thumb?
Extension is moving backwards and your thumb can be further back from your hand but it is limited. Abduction is basically moving your thumb away from your middle finger
Where does the palmaris longus insert?
Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
What is an aperneurosis?
An aperneurosis is a sheet of pearly-white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in sheetlike muscles having a wide area of attachment. Primary function is to join muscles and the body parts the muscles act upon
How do the extensors and flexors interface with one another at the phalanges?
Flexors anterior
Extensors posterior
What can a build-up connective tissue or inflammation present, when affecting the
median nerve?
Carpal tunnel
What does NSAID abbreviate?
Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs
What is the function of the digestion system?
Breakdown of food; Absorption of nutrients
What do saliva glands release?
Salivary amylase: breaks down carbohydrates
What type of digestion occurs within the mouth?
Mechanical (mastication = chewing)
Chemical digestions begins in the mouth with an enzyme in saliva called salivary amylase
Why is the small intestine have the length that it does?
To allow the most complete absorption of nutrients from food
It’s long because you want to maximize nutrient uptake.
What is the pH of the stomach?
2/2.5-3
What type of macronutrients does salivary amylase breakdown?
Carbohydrates
How does a bolus of chyme move through the small intestine?
Smooth muscle contractions
Moves from duodenum → jejunum –> ileum
T/F There is not a dense connective network of blood vessels in the small intestine
False
Why does drinking water prior to eating equate to eating less food?
It stretches the stomach just as food would, helping the stomach to indicate satiety to the hypothalamus
T/F The gastroesophageal sphincter is a true anatomical sphincter
False
What is the difference between a physiological sphincter and an anatomical sphincter?
Physiological sphincter has no actual separate tissue directed towards shutting off passage, in the gastroesophageal sphincter of the stomach, the muscle is simply thicker, having greater control of substances entering.
How does acid reflux occur?
The gastroesophageal sphincter is not working properly and some of the stomach acid comes back out of the stomach and back into the esophagus
What is the function of the rugae?
Folds that allow for expansion and more surface area, so it can help dilute food more if needed
T/F The stomach has two sphincters
True
When does the pyloric sphincter open?
When the osmolarity between the stomach and the duodenum (beginning of small intestine) is equal
T/F The pyloric sphincter is a true anatomical sphincter
True - has a thick layer of circular muscles
