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Anatomy > Pool Questions 6 > Flashcards

Pool Questions 6 Flashcards

1
Q

How does the subclavius contribute to depression of the shoulder girdle?

A

Pulls down on clavicle which is connected to scapula at acromion

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2
Q

Head 1 of the trapezius runs where?

A

Occipital bone → clavicle

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3
Q

Why are the rhomboids prime movers for shoulder girdle elevation?

A

rhomboids major pulls from the spine to the
inferior angle of scapula and the rhomboids minor pulls near the spine of the scapula
so they are synergistic with traps 1 & 2 and the levator scapulae

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4
Q

Why is the intertubercular synovial sheath important?

A

Minimizes friction

Aid mobility

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5
Q

What is the function of the labrum?

A

Holds the joint together
Deepens the articular cavity
Protects the edges of the bone

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6
Q

T/F The teres minor is responsible for internal rotation of the humerus

A

False- Lateral Rotation

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7
Q

T/F The infraspinatus is responsible for lateral rotation of the humerus

A

True

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8
Q

What is impingement syndrome?

A

Supraspinatus caught between humerus and clavicle/scapula from repeated overexertion of abduction (baseball pitch/ butterfly swimming stroke)

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9
Q

Damage to the medial collateral ligament of the elbow can be repaired via what surgery?

A

Tommy John Surgery

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10
Q

During the iron cross movement in gymnastics, what action is the pectoralis major performing?

A

Adduction - too keep arms from lifting all the way up

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11
Q

Where does the biceps insert?

A

Tuberosity of radius

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12
Q

What is the advantage of bicep curls in a supinated position compared to pronated?

A

There is a straight line from the muscle to the tendon. “direct line of pull” When in the pronated position the radius is rotated and the bicep does not have a direct path to insertion during contraction

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13
Q

T/F Approximately 50% of bicep force generation is reduced in the pronated position

A

False 40%

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14
Q

What difference does the force have the brachialis during supination vs. pronation?

A

Brachialis is not a prime mover during pronation, only during supination.

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15
Q

T/F The brachioradialis is a muscle which an action at both the elbow and wrist

A

False- only flexes elbow

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16
Q

T/F The ulna collateral ligament (medial collateral ligament) can be stretched and torn during a baseball pitch

A

True

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17
Q

The annular ligament performs what function?

A

Keeps the radius in contact with the ulna at the radial notch.

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18
Q

The olecranon process interfaces with what?

A

Olecranon fossa of humerus when extended

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19
Q

T/F The epicondyles are secondary growth centers

A

True

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20
Q

T/F Flexors will have attachments near the lateral epicondyle

A

False - flexors have attachments near the medial epicondyle of the humerus

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21
Q

T/F The capitulum is located on the medial epicondyle side of the humerus

A

False- lateral side

22
Q

Little league elbow can be damaging to children why?

A

Recurrent microtrauma of the elbow joint can lead to little league elbow, a syndrome that encompasses (1) delayed or accelerated growth of the medial epicondyle (medial epicondylar apophysitis), (2) traction apophysitis (medial epicondylar fragmentation), and (3) medial epicondylitis

23
Q

What joint is located between the radius and ulna?

A

Radioulnar joint

24
Q

At what point on the ulna does the radius rotate over?

A

Radial notch

25
Q

T/F The styloid process of the ulna is larger than the styloid process of the radius

A

Fasle

26
Q

Where does the biceps insert?

A

Tuberosity of radius

27
Q

Even though the brachialis inserts on the radius, why is no force lost

A

Force of the muscle will be constant

28
Q

T/F During contraction the supinator wraps around the radius

A

False. During relaxation of supinator (pronation of forearm), it wraps around radius

29
Q

T/F During extension there is a single pull on each metacarpal by the individual tendons

A

False

30
Q

What is the difference between abduction and extension of the thumb?

A

Extension is moving backwards and your thumb can be further back from your hand but it is limited. Abduction is basically moving your thumb away from your middle finger

31
Q

Where does the palmaris longus insert?

A

Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum

32
Q

What is an aperneurosis?

A

An aperneurosis is a sheet of pearly-white fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in sheetlike muscles having a wide area of attachment. Primary function is to join muscles and the body parts the muscles act upon

33
Q

How do the extensors and flexors interface with one another at the phalanges?

A

Flexors anterior

Extensors posterior

34
Q

What can a build-up connective tissue or inflammation present, when affecting the
median nerve?

A

Carpal tunnel

35
Q

What does NSAID abbreviate?

A

Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs

36
Q

What is the function of the digestion system?

A

Breakdown of food; Absorption of nutrients

37
Q

What do saliva glands release?

A

Salivary amylase: breaks down carbohydrates

38
Q

What type of digestion occurs within the mouth?

A

Mechanical (mastication = chewing)

Chemical digestions begins in the mouth with an enzyme in saliva called salivary amylase

39
Q

Why is the small intestine have the length that it does?

A

To allow the most complete absorption of nutrients from food

It’s long because you want to maximize nutrient uptake.

40
Q

What is the pH of the stomach?

A

2/2.5-3

41
Q

What type of macronutrients does salivary amylase breakdown?

A

Carbohydrates

42
Q

How does a bolus of chyme move through the small intestine?

A

Smooth muscle contractions

Moves from duodenum → jejunum –> ileum

43
Q

T/F There is not a dense connective network of blood vessels in the small intestine

A

False

44
Q

Why does drinking water prior to eating equate to eating less food?

A

It stretches the stomach just as food would, helping the stomach to indicate satiety to the hypothalamus

45
Q

T/F The gastroesophageal sphincter is a true anatomical sphincter

A

False

46
Q

What is the difference between a physiological sphincter and an anatomical sphincter?

A

Physiological sphincter has no actual separate tissue directed towards shutting off passage, in the gastroesophageal sphincter of the stomach, the muscle is simply thicker, having greater control of substances entering.

47
Q

How does acid reflux occur?

A

The gastroesophageal sphincter is not working properly and some of the stomach acid comes back out of the stomach and back into the esophagus

48
Q

What is the function of the rugae?

A

Folds that allow for expansion and more surface area, so it can help dilute food more if needed

49
Q

T/F The stomach has two sphincters

A

True

50
Q

When does the pyloric sphincter open?

A

When the osmolarity between the stomach and the duodenum (beginning of small intestine) is equal

51
Q

T/F The pyloric sphincter is a true anatomical sphincter

A

True - has a thick layer of circular muscles

Anatomy (17 decks)

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