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Anatomy > Lab Lecture Notes: Terminology > Flashcards

Lab Lecture Notes: Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Arms are held at the side of the body with the palms of the hand facing forward

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2
Q

List the Four Planes

A
  1. Sagittal Plane
  2. Median Section
  3. Transverse Plane
  4. Frontal Plane
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3
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Divides body into unequal left and right halves

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4
Q

Median section

A

Also called mid-sagittal plane; divides the body into equal left and right halves

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5
Q

Transverse Pane

A

Also called cross or horizontal plane; divides the body into upper and lower sections

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6
Q

Frontal Plane

A

Also called coronal plane; divides the body into front and back sections

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7
Q

Anatomical Directions: Superior

A

Structure is closer to head

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8
Q

Anatomical Direction: Inferior

A

Structure is closer to the feet

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9
Q

Anatomical Direction: Anterior/ventral

A

Structure is closer to front

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10
Q

Anatomical Direction: Posterior/Dorsal

A

Structure is closer to back

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11
Q

Anatomical Direction: Proximal

A

Term only used when discussing limbs; Structure is closest to median plane

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12
Q

Anatomical Direction: Distal

A

Term only used when discussing limbs; structure is farther away from median plane

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13
Q

Anatomical Direction: Medial

A

Structure is closest to midline

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14
Q

Anatomical Direction: Lateral

A

Structure is farther from midline

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15
Q

Anatomical Direction: Superficial

A

Structure is closest to surface of the body

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16
Q

Anatomical Direction: Deep

A

Structure is farther away from surface of the body

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17
Q

Basic Movements: Flexion

A

In general occurs in anterior/posterior plane; Reduces the angle between the articulating elements

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18
Q

Basic Movements: Extension

A

Also occurs in anterior/posterior plane; increases the angle between the articulating elements
Hyperextension: extension beyond anatomical structure

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19
Q

Basic Movements: Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline in the frontal plane

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20
Q

Basic Movements: Adduction

A

Movement towards the midline in the frontal plane

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21
Q

Movement at specific Joints: Medial rotation/internal rotation

A

At the shoulder joint; The anterior portion of the arm rotates inward toward the trunk of the body

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22
Q

Movement at specific Joints: Lateral rotation/external rotation

A

At the shoulder joint; The anterior portion of the arm rotates outward away from the trunk of the body

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23
Q

Movement at specific Joints: Pronation

A

At the elbow joint; The distal radius rotates over the ulna to move; palm facing forward to palm facing back

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24
Q

Movement at specific Joints: Supination

A

At the elbow joint; palm facing back to palm facing forward

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25
Q

Movement at specific Joints: Elevation

A

Of the shoulder girdle; clavicle and scalpula move superiorly (shrugging)

26
Q

Movement at specific Joints: Depression

A

Of the shoulder girdle; clavicle and scalpula move inferiorly

27
Q

Movement at specific Joints: Protraction

A

Of the shoulder girdle; shoulder blades move away from spine; same as abduction

28
Q

Movement at specific Joints: Retraction

A

Of the shoulder girdle; shoulder blades move towards the spine; same as adduction

29
Q

Movement at specific Joints: Upward rotation

A

Of the shoulder girdle; the inferior angle of the shoulder blades rotate around an imaginary axis, so that the glenoid fossa is positioned more superiorly

30
Q

Movement at specific Joints: Downward rotation

A

Of the shoulder girdle; reversal of upward rotation

31
Q

Movement at specific Joints: Flexion

A

Of the Knee joint; lower legs moves posteriorly

32
Q

Movement at specific Joints: Extension

A

Of the knee joint; lower leg moves anteriorly

33
Q

Movement at specific Joints: Dorsiflexion

A

At the ankle; ankle flexes to move toes up towards the lower leg

34
Q

Movement at specific Joints: Planter flexion

A

At the ankle; ankle extension “pointing your foot”

35
Q

Movement at specific Joints: Inversion

A

At the ankle; also called supination; foot rolls to lateral side so the inside of the arch is visible

36
Q

Movement at specific Joints: Eversion

A

At the ankle; also called pronation; foot rolls to the median plane

37
Q

Bone Landmark Terminology:

Elevations and projections: Process

A

A structure that “stick outs” like a pan handle

38
Q

Bone Landmark Terminology:

Elevations and projections: Ramus

A

An extension of bone that is typically at an angle to the “body” of the bone

39
Q

Bone Landmark Terminology:

Areas where tendons or ligaments may attach: Trochanter

A

A large, rough-to-the-touch projection

40
Q

Bone Landmark Terminology:

Areas where tendons or ligaments may attach: Tuberosity

A

A smaller, rough-to-touch bump

41
Q

Bone Landmark Terminology:

Areas where tendons or ligaments may attach: Tubercle

A

A small-medium sized rounded bump, smoother surface than 1 +2

42
Q

Bone Landmark Terminology:

Areas where tendons or ligaments may attach: Crest

A

A raised ridge of bone

43
Q

Bone Landmark Terminology:

Areas where tendons or ligaments may attach: Line

A

also a raised ridge but typically narrower and lower than a crest

44
Q

Bone Landmark Terminology:

Areas where bones meet or articulate: Articular/auricular

A

describes the area or surfaces of bones that meet with other bones

45
Q

Bone Landmark Terminology:

Areas where tendons or ligaments may attach: Head

A

rounded region at the extremity of typically a long bone

46
Q

Bone Landmark Terminology:

Areas where tendons or ligaments may attach: Neck

A

An area just inferior to the head, a narrow connection between the epiphysis and diaphysis, may be “surgical” or “anatomical”

47
Q

Bone Landmark Terminology:

Areas where tendons or ligaments may attach: Condyle

A

Large swellings on on either side of ends of limb bones

48
Q

Bone Landmark Terminology:

Areas where tendons or ligaments may attach: Facets

A

Smooth, flat, oval-shaped surfaces

49
Q

Bone Landmark Terminology:

Areas where tendons or ligaments may attach: Demi-facet

A

Small facets

50
Q

Bone Landmark Terminology:

Areas where tendons or ligaments may attach: Trochlea

A

Smooth, rounded articulating area on humerus

51
Q

Bone Landmark Terminology:

Areas where tendons or ligaments may attach: Spine

A

A sharp, pointed extension of bone, a type of process

52
Q

Bone Landmark Terminology:

Depressions and openings: Fossa

A

A fairly wide and smooth, shallow, concave surface

53
Q

Bone Landmark Terminology:

Areas where tendons or ligaments may attach: Foramen

A

A hole

54
Q

Bone Landmark Terminology:

Areas where tendons or ligaments may attach: Fissure

A

A long crack or valley

55
Q

Bone Landmark Terminology:

Areas where tendons or ligaments may attach: Sinus

A

On the skull exterior appears as small discrete hole; a chamber within bone, filled with air

56
Q

Muscle Terminology: Origin

A

Where we consider the muscle to begin. Usually remains stationary when the muscle contracts so that the insertion moves closer to the origin; More proximal than the insertion

57
Q

Muscle Terminology: Insertion

A

Describes the point where the muscle joins in order to move a particular bone/bone set

58
Q

Muscle Terminology: Action

A

Describes the movement which results from concentric contraction of a particular muscle

59
Q

Muscle Terminology: P.M.

A

abbreviation for prime mover; is a muscle that is primarily responsible for performing a listed movement

60
Q

Muscle Terminology: Antagonist

A

The prime mover for an action which is the opposite of the movement performed by the prime mover under consideration

61
Q

Muscle Terminology: Synergists

A

Muscles which assist the prime mover

Anatomy (17 decks)

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