Pool Questions 10 Flashcards
The tensor fasciae latae runs along the anterior side of thigh, and the sartorius to the
anterior
The sciatic nerve is derived from spinal nerves __ to __
L4 to S3
The foveolar artery is located where?
Passes through acetabular notch to reach the round ligament on the head of the femur
ACL repair includes what percentage and area of the quadriceps tendon?
middle ⅓ of quads tendon and patellar ligament
This ligament prevents the femur from sliding backward on the tibia, while this ligament prevents the femur from sliding forward on the tibia
The ACL prevents backward slide (of the femur) and the PCL prevents forward slide (of the femur)
The Os Coxae is made up of what three bones?
Ilium, pubis, and ischium.
What is the most common site of fracture on the femur, independent of osteoporosis?
The neck of the femur
The patella surface is made up of what kind of cartilage?
Hyaline
What is a unique characteristic of the Rectus Femoris not seen in the other quadriceps muscles?
Biarticulate since it can act both on the knee and the hip
What is the bow-string phenomenon?
The patella has a tendency to displace laterally; this is caused by imbalance in muscles of quad. When vastus medialis is weak, it can cause this type of displacement to happen.
T/F- The quadriceps are usually stronger than the hamstrings
True
What is the ratio of strength difference between quadriceps and hamstrings
hamstring strength = 75% quadriceps strength
What is the longest muscle in the body?
sartorius
What is the common insertion of all hamstring muscles?
medial epicondyle of tibia 2
lateral epicondyle of tibia 1
Explain the forces on the patella; what makes it tend to displace laterally? What keeps it in place?
Patella wants to ride along the lateral side because that’s where the least amount of force is and the vastus medialis keeps it in place.
What is the orientation of the muscle fibers in each of the quadriceps muscles? How does the orientation affect its action?
Vastus lateralis- up & out; Action: extends knee Vastus medialis- up & in; Action: extends knee Vastus intermedius- up; Action: extends knee Rectus Femoris- Bipennate, up; Action: Flexes hip, extends knee
What is the common origin of the hamstrings?
Ischial tuberosity
What proportion of strength between the hamstrings and quads leads to knee instability and the most injuries?
75-80%
Which muscle contributes the most force during the vertical jump test?
Gluteus maximus
Why is the Sartorius known as the hacky sac muscle?
It pulls the knee up in such a way that mimics the way your leg would look like when playing with a hacky sac Action: Flexes & laterally rotates thigh and flexes knee
Which tendon of the hamstrings is used with ACL reconstruction?
semitendinosus tendon
What is the Lombard’s Paradox? Why does this occur?
When rising to stand from a sitting or squatting position, both the hamstrings and quadriceps contract at the same time, despite their being antagonists to each other. Why? – this occurs because the quads act as a hip flexor and knee extensor while the hamstrings act as a hip extensor and knee flexor. To stand up, you need to activate your quads to extend the knee at the same time as you’re activating the hamstrings to activate your hip extensors.
Explain when the hamstrings are most vulnerable to tear and at which point do they usually tear.
They usually tear when your leg is at the farthest point of extension at the hip while running(when planting foot)
What causes the accentuated lower back curve in gymnasts?
Iliopsoas
Which muscles make up the iliopsoas?
psoas major, iliacus
What structural modifications of the hip make it more stable than the shoulder?
labrum, supporting ligaments, fovea capitis, deep acetabulum
Top - Bottom:
- Ilium
- Sacrum
- Pubis
- Obturator foramen
- Ischium
Left (top - bottom)
- Greater Trochanter
- Lateral Epicondyle
- Lateral Condyle
- Right (top - bottom)
- Fovea Capitis
- Head
- Lesser Trochanter
- Adductor Tubercle
- Medial Epicondyle
- Medial Condyle
