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Chemistry > Polymers - SC24 > Flashcards

Polymers - SC24 Flashcards

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1
Q

-

What are plastics made from?

A

polymers

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2
Q

What are polymers made of?

A

Lots of small molecules called monomers joined together

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3
Q

What is polymerisation?

A

the process in which monomers join together to form a ploymer

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4
Q

What is addition polymerisation?

A

when alkene monomers break their double covalent bonds between carbons to add on another alkene momnomer. This process repeats to form a long chain polymer

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5
Q

what letter is used in addition polymerisation to represent a large number of repeating units?

A

n

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6
Q

Why is poly(ethene) a synthetic polymer?

A

manifactured in a laboratory

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7
Q

In a repeating unit, what do bond lines passing through brackets represent?

A

show there is another repeating unit joined on each side / the unit is constantly repeating

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8
Q

Whar are 3 types of naturally occuring polymers?

A

DNA, starch and proteins

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9
Q

What are the 4 common types of polymer used in every day life?

A

Poly(ethene), poly(propene), poly(chloroethene) and poly(tetrafluoroethene)

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10
Q

What is the common name for poly(ethene)?

A

polythene

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11
Q

what is the common name for poly(propene)?

A

polypropylene

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12
Q

what is the common name for poly(chloroethene)?

A

PVC

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13
Q

what is the common name for poly(tetrafluoroethene)

A

PTFE

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14
Q

what are the properties of polyethene?

A

felxible, cheap, good insulator

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15
Q

what are the properties of polypropylene?

A

felxible, does not shatter

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16
Q

What are the properties of PVC?

A

tough, good insulator, can be made hard or flexible

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17
Q

What are the properties of PTFE

A

tough, slippery

18
Q

Whata re the uses of polyethne in everyday use?

A

plastic bags/bottles, cling film and polytunnels

19
Q

What are the uses of polypropene?

A

buckets/bowls, crates, rope, carpets

20
Q

what are the uses of PVC?

A

window frames, gutters, pipes, insulation for wires

21
Q

what are the uses for PTFE?

A

non-stick coats for frying pans + kitchen utensils, stain-proofing clothing + carpets

22
Q

What are plastic bottles made from? (common + science name)

A

PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) - a ployester

23
Q

what is condenstation polymerisation?

A

monomers join together and eliminate a small molecule like water

24
Q

Polyesters are s—— polymers

A

synthetic

25
Q

What is a functional group?

A

an atom or group of atoms that are responsible for the properties and reactions of the compound

26
Q

What is the functional group in alcohol?

A

-OH

27
Q

what is the functional group for carboxylic acids?

A

-COOH

28
Q

What organic compound contains the functional group -COO-?

A

Esters

29
Q

What is the smell of esters?

A

sweet

30
Q

How are Esters formed? why is this a condenstation reaction?

A

when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alchol in the presence of a catalyst.
Because water is also produced

31
Q

what is the reaction that creates an ester?

A

carboxylic acid + alchol -> ester + water

32
Q

what is a polyester?

A

a long-chain molecules that contains many ester links

33
Q

What must be included to form a long chain polyester

A

each monomer must have 2 functional groups (carboxylic acid and alchol), one at the end of the molecule

34
Q

how is crude oil seperated?

A

fractional distillation

35
Q

what happens to fractions produced by fractional distilation?

A

they are cracked and purifed to produce useful chemicaks

36
Q

What gases do plastics produce when burnt that are harmful to the environment? why are they harmful to the environment?

A

CO2 + toxic substances - greenhouse gases contribute to greenhouse effect

37
Q

What happens when toxic substances are removed from waste gases when buring plastics?

A

forms toxic ash which must be disposed of safely

38
Q

What are the 3 main issues with polymers on the environment?

A

Landfil, toxic gases from burning, toxic ash

39
Q

what polymer is represented the symbol 1-PET ?

A

Poly(ethyleneterephthalate)

40
Q

what polymer is represented the symbol 1-PET ?

A

Chemistry (50 decks)

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