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Chemistry > Hydrocarbons - SC20 > Flashcards

Hydrocarbons - SC20 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A molecule containing the elements carbon and hydrogen only

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1
Q

What happens inside a fractioning collumn?

A
  1. Cude oil is heated strongly to evapourate and hot vapours are piped into the bottom of the column
  2. Column is hot at the bottom and cold at the top so vapour rises through the column and cools down
  3. Vapour condenses when it reaches a part of the collum cool enough (below BP)
  4. Liquid falls into a tray and piped away
  5. Vapours with the lowest BP do not condense and leave at the top as a mixture of gases
  6. Bitumen has the highest BP and leaves the bottom as hot liquid
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2
Q

what does crude oil contain a lot of?

A

hydrocarbons

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3
Q

How can crude oil be seperate? based on what?

A

seperated using fractional distilation based on boiling points

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4
Q

what are crude oils?

f_ f_ …. n_ r_

A

fossil fuels - making them non renewable

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5
Q

What is the general formula for Alkenes?

A

CnH2n

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6
Q

What is the general formula for Alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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7
Q

Alkenes are unsaturated, what does this mean?

A

they have carbon atoms joined by double C=C bonds

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8
Q

Alkanes are saturated, what does this mean?

A

Carbon atoms are joined by single C-C bonds

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9
Q

What are the different types of hydrocarbons?

A

Gases, Petrol, kerosene, Diesel oil, Fuel oil, Bitumen

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10
Q

What are the uses for gases?

A

domestic heating + cooking

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11
Q

what are the uses of petrol?

A

fuel for cars

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12
Q

What are the uses for kerosene?

A

Fuel for aircrafts

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13
Q

What are the uses for diesel oil?

A

fuel for some cars + trains

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14
Q

What are the uses of fuel oil?

A

fuel for large ships and power stations

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15
Q

what are the uses for bitumen?

A

surfacing roads + roofs

16
Q

what order do the types of hydrocarbons go in?

A

Smallest ammount of molecules in an atom (gases) -> largest (bitumen)

17
Q

which hydrocarbons has the highest/lowest boiling point?

A

highest: bitumen
lowest: gases

18
Q

which hydrocarbon is the easiest to ignite?

A

gas

19
Q

which hydrocarbon flows with difficulty (high viscosity) ?

A

bitumen

20
Q

What is viscosity?

A

how much difficulty a substance has flowing

21
Q

Explain the trend in viscosity of the fractions

A

Viscosity increases down the fractioning collum as molecules are longer, because there is more intermolecular force between molecules

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