Ionic Bonding - SC5 Flashcards
what is a bond? what happens between atoms when bonds are formed?
force of attractction that holds atoms together - energy is released from the atoms making them more stable
What are the most stable atoms? why is this?
nobel gases - they have outer electron shells that contain as many electrons as possible - the outer shell of a nobel gas atom is full
what are cations?
metal atoms that lose electrons to form positive ions
what are anions?
non-metal ions tending to gain electrons to form negative ions
what are electrostatic forces? why do they form ionic bonds?
forces of attraction between all positively and negatively charged objects - these forces hold the ions together to form an ionic bond between them
how are ionic compounds formed?
by the loss and gain of electrons held together by strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions
what is a lattice structure?
strong ionic bonds allow ‘billions’ of ions to be packed together in a regular repeating arrangement
when do ionic compounds form crystals?
when in solid form because of their regular lattice structure
how do you work out ionic formulae?
the formula of an ionic compound contains the same number of positive charges as negative - use ion formulae
when is a non-metal ion changed to -ide?
in two-element compounds
what are the main properties of ionic compunds and why?
- high melting + boiling points - strong electromagnetic forces needed to overcome
- Conduct electricity when molten NOT SOLID - must contain charged particles and particles must be free to move to carry electrical current
what is the anode and what ion is attracted to it?
positive electrode - negative ions (anions) are attracted to it
what is the cathode and what ion is attracted to it?
negative electrode - attracts positive ions (cations)
