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History - Civil Rights - African Americans > Political Progress since 1964 - presidents > Flashcards

Political Progress since 1964 - presidents Flashcards

1
Q

When was President Nixon president?

A

1969-1974

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2
Q

Was President Nixon republican or democrat?

A

republican

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3
Q

What was President Nixon’s views on AA civil rights?

A

-privately racist-> didn’t want to meet black leaders
-opposed MLK holiday/day

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3
Q

What did President Nixon do to do with congress?

A

-tried to revise the Voting Rights Act to give more power back to the states under Southern pressure

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4
Q

What did President Nixon do to do with the supreme court?

A

-nominated a southern racist to the Supreme Court

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5
Q

What did President Nixon do to do with AA power?

A

-limited influence on government in this period due to Nixon’s refusal to meet

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6
Q

What social progress happened under President Nixon for AAs?

A

-1972 Equal Employment Opportunity Act->greater powers of enforcing prosecution against discrimination ->backed by whole of the Federal Government
-increased federal expenditure on poverty programmes->1940 there was 78% of Blacks below poverty line and in 1960 there was 50% and by 1974 there was 30%
-radical integration enforced
-1972->Southern schools were better integrated than the rest of the US (68%-8% attended segregated schools)

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7
Q

What economic progress happened under President Nixon for AAs?

A

-affirmative action ‘hand ups not handouts’->avoid benefits in favour of long term economic support eg access to jobs
-the Office of Minority Business enterprise encouraged black capitalism
-limited funding for segregation HE institutions

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8
Q

When was President Ford president?

A

1974-1977

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9
Q

Was President Ford a republican or democrat?

A

republican

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10
Q

What was President Ford’s views on AA civil rights?

A

-unwilling to commit to further civil rights progress but keen to cultivate good relations->many meetings with civil rights leaders

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11
Q

What did President Ford do to do with congress?

A

-extended Voting Rights Act 1982 despite his party telling him to scrap it

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12
Q

What did President Ford do to do with the supreme court?

A

-nominated the first black Secretary of Transport (William T Coleman)

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13
Q

Did President Ford do anything to AA power?

A

no

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14
Q

Did President Ford do anything to do with economic progress for AAs?

A

no

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15
Q

What social progress happened under President Ford for AAs?

A

-opposing bussing to aid school desegregation

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16
Q

When was President Carter president?

A

1977-1981

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17
Q

What President Carter republican or democrat?

A

democrat

18
Q

What was President Carter the first president since?

A

-first Southern president since Woodrow Wilson

19
Q

Did President Carter do to do with congress?

A

no

20
Q

What did President Carter do to do with the supreme court?

A

-appointed more black to the federal judiciary than any other presidents

21
Q

What did President Carter do to do with AA Power?

A

-employed many blacks
-renewed Voting Rights Act
-appointed black women to his cabinet

22
Q

What social progress happened under President Carter for AAs?

A

-university of California vs Bakke in 1978

23
Q

Did President Carter have any economic progress for AAs?

A

no

24
Q

When was President Reagan president?

A

1981-1989

25
Q

Was President Reagan republican or democrat?

A

republican

26
Q

What was President Reagan’s view on AA civil rights?

A

-didn’t support federal initiatives to provide blacks with civil rights
-gave a States’ Rights speech in Philadelphia, Mississippi, where 3 civil rights workers were murdered in 1964
-opposed the Martin Luther King holiday and signed it only after an overwhelming veto-proof majority for it

27
Q

What did President Reagan do to do with congress?

A

-opposed the Civil Rights Acts 1964 and the Voting Rights Act 1965
-said Voting Rights Act was humiliating the South

28
Q

What did President Reagan do to do with the supreme court?

A

-Grove City College vs Bell 1984: Supreme Court decision of Civil Rights laws: Supreme Court ruled that only a course receiving a student reliant on federal aid had to comply with anti-discrimination laws, not the whole institution->the passing of the Civil Rights Restoration Act

29
Q

Did President Reagan do anything to do with AA power?

A

no

30
Q

What social progress happened under President Reagan for AAs?

A

-opposed Fair Housing legislation in California 1988: expanded the Fair Housing Act, 1968 ->made it easier to push cases to court

31
Q

What economic progress happened under President Reagan for AAs?

A

-1980: blacks made up to 12% of the population but 34% received housing subsidies and 35% food stamps

32
Q

When was President Bush president?

A

1989-1993

33
Q

Was President Bush republican or democratic?

A

republican

34
Q

Did President Bush have a view on AA civil rights?

A

no

35
Q

What did President Bush do to do with congress?

A

-much discussion over whether civil rights laws were properly enforced under Bush-> lawsuits dropped significantly

36
Q

What did President Bush do to do with the supreme court?

A

-1992->Supreme Court supported attacks on school desegregation (Freedman vs Pitts)

37
Q

Did President Bush do anything to do with AA Power?

A

no

38
Q

What social progress happened under President Bush for AAs?

A

-rioting in LA over outcomes of Rodney King case (he was a victim of police brutality)->bystanders videotaped much of the incident->footage showed officers repeatedly striking King with their batons ->this sparked the 1992 LA Riots

39
Q

Did any economic progress for AAs under President Bush happen?

A

no

40
Q

How did the NAACP get AAs involved in politics?

A

-Lobbying & litigation (school desegregation suits)
-Most important black organisation in the leadership conference on Civil Rights (Black, Hispanics, women, disabled, elderly)

41
Q

How did AAs get involved in politics through politicians?

A

-Jesse Jackson, 1971-‘ People United to Serve Humanity ’ (PUSH)
->PUSH focused on using black buying power to gain employment
->In 1984, campaigned for Democratic Presidential nomination
->3rd most popular candidate 1988 - Campaigned again->2nd most popular-> seen as the most significant individual of the 70s, 80s and 90s
-1980: 1% elected officials were black

42
Q

What was the status of AAs?

A

-Rise in KKK activity, 1970s
-1/3 Black are in the middle class - 1/3 still lived below the poverty line and 1/3 occupied low status, low skilled jobs->Black wages were 50% of whites
-Higher proportion of blacks accused and convicted of crimes-12% of population->43% of rapes, 55% of murders, 69% of robberies.
-Black ghettos were extensive
-Widespread racism & prejudice still existed

History - Civil Rights - African Americans (32 decks)

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